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escherichia Flashcards

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1
Q

Escherichia are gram what?

A

gram-negative

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2
Q

Escherichia shape

A

bacilli

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3
Q

what temp do Escherichia like

A

mesophilic

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4
Q

do Escherichia form spores

A

No

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5
Q

Escherichia relationship with oxygen

A

facultative anaerobes

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6
Q

Escherichia make up what % of human GI flora

A

0.1 %

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7
Q

what is the “claim to fame” of Escherichia

A

conversion of digested K1 into K2

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8
Q

Vitamin K2 is

A

it’s active form in humans

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9
Q

how many species in the Escherichia genus

A

5-6 known

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10
Q

Escherichia can divide in

A

just 20 minutes

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11
Q

a newborn’s intestine will typically be colonized with Escherichia within

A

40 hours of birth

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12
Q

who discovered Escherichia

A

Theodor Escherich in 1886

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13
Q

E. coli is most linked to what categories of disease

A
  • infection of GI tract
  • Urinary Tract Infection
  • Meningitis
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14
Q

E. coli cause infection of the GI tract gist

A

colonization of virulent strain in GI tract can cause bad things

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15
Q

what bad things can colonization of virulent strains of E. coli in GI tract cause

A

diarrhea and dysentery

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16
Q

dysentery

A

diarrhea with blood

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17
Q

E. coli is responsible for how much of UTIs

A

about 85%

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18
Q

how does E. coli cause a UTI

A

passed from the fecal/oral route to the urethra or bladder

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19
Q

E. coli is how much more commen in girls

A

14x … urethra is shorter

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20
Q

Meningitis caused by E. coli is usally only commono in

A

neonates, requires entry into the bloodstream plus the K1 antigen

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21
Q

what does the K1 antigen help E. coli do in meningitis

A

helps it pass through the BBB (brain blood barrier) into the meninges

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22
Q

how does E. coli spread

A

through the fecal-oral route

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23
Q

what does it mean that E. coli spreads through the fecal-oral route

A

feces of fecal matter infected materials must enter the mouth of someone

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24
Q

how does the fecal-oral route usually spread

A

dirty water or inadequate hand-washing after using the bathroom

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25
E. coli spread is closely linked to what food
ground beef
26
most important species of Escherichia is
Escherichia coli
27
E. coli comes in many different
serotypes
28
serotypes
different strains catalogued by their surface antigens (think lancefield)
29
Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped based on what surface antigens
Oligosaccharides Flagellal structure Capsule
30
Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped based on what surface antigens KNEUMONIC
O- Oligosaccharides H-Flagellal structure K - Capsule
31
Oligosaccharides as a surface antigen of E. coli
structure of sugar chains at the outer tip of LPS
32
how many LPS structures known in E. coli
173
33
how many unique flagellal structures known of E.coli
53
34
Capsule E.coli
he structure of the protein on the outermost layer of E. coli
35
how many unique structure known capsule e. coli
60
36
serotypes of E. coli are another example of
antigenic variation
37
leading disease-causing stereotype of E. coli
E. coli O157 : H7 and K antigen does not matter in this case
38
O antigen is
Oligosaccharides, somatic `
39
E. coli, being negative.... have
many fimbriae
40
most important type of fimbriae that E. coli have
type I fimbriae
41
type 1 fimbriae
ecspecially sticky to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder
42
type 1 fimbriae allow
bacteria to stick to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder
43
once E.coli sticks to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder
secrete an exotoxin
44
which exotoxins would E.coli secrete once attached to cells that line small intestine and or bladder
LT, STa, or STb
45
E.coli secreting exotoxins LT, STa, or STb>>>> would
increase levels of cGMP in the intestine
46
when levels of cGMP are increased in the intesine by E coli
- stopping water absorption in the intestines, | - leaving more fluid in the intestinal lumen and triggering diarrhea.
47
one dominant virulence factor of very bad E coli
Stx
48
Stx
shiga toxin
49
Virulent E. coli express that shiga toxins
Stx1 or Stx2
50
Stx2 compared to Stx1
400 times as potentt
51
what an exotoxin agin???
secreted proteins
52
what do Stxs first do when release
receptors on human intestinal endothelial cells to enter the cells
53
the receptors on intestinal endothelial cells that Stxs bind to
NOT FOUND IN ANIMALS
54
since the the receptors on intestinal endothelial cells that Stxs bind to are not found in animals
allows virulent strains to grow in animals harmlessly before humans consume them
55
when shiga toxin enters human intestinal endothelial
one part of a shiga toxin binds to and cleaves an important part of ribosomes in those endothelial cells, halts function
56
if endothelial cells have no functioning ribosomes
no proteins>>> cell death
57
what receptors do shiga toxins bind to....maybe
GB3
58
most dangerous E. coli strains like O157 : H7 are called
enterohemorrhagic
59
what does it mean to be enterohemorrhagic
disrupt the GI tract and cause hemorrhage (bleeding)
60
what sometimes causes E. coli to be enterohemorrhagic
cell death from Shiga toxin
61
other times, what causes E. coli to be enterohemorrhagic
protein enterohemolysin
62
enterohemolysin
breaks apart blood, only acts in intestines
63
REALLY BAD E. COLI STRAINS
can carry both the genes for a Shiga toxin and enterohemolysin
64
some E. coli strains re linked to what syndrome
hemolytic uremic syndrome
65
in hemolytic uremic syndrome there is
broken down blood (from hemolysins) and/or tissue (from shiga toxins
66
hemolytic uremic syndrome broken down blood and or tissue leads too
mini-clots forming, traveling, and eventually and clogging capillaries
67
clots from hemolytic uremic syndrome
clots spread through the body usually have the biggest impact on kidneys
68
clots from hemolytic uremic syndrome effect on kidneys
begin to fail and die
69
end result of hemolytic uremic syndrome
blood in the urine that onsets 5-10 days after initial E. coli onset
70
E. coli causes what % of UTIs
85%
71
in UTIs caused by E. coli, bacteria
get into the urinary tract
72
when E. coli enters the urinary tract...
problems begin if they hit the bladder
73
E. coli in the urinary tract can move even
further upstream to the ureters or kidneys
74
symptoms of UTI caused by E. coli
- strong urge to urinate - unproductive urination - cloudy urine
75
treatment E. coli
antibiotics.. but resistance is becoming a problem...

pathophysiology (24 decks)

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