myobacteria quiz NOOO its 2;30 am this is a cry for help

Question 1

myocobacterium genus gram

Answer 1

?

Question 2

myocobacterium shape

Answer 2

long skinny bacilli

Question 3

myocobacterium relationship with oxygen

Answer 3

obligate aerobes

Question 4

myocobacterium spores

Answer 4

don’t form them

Question 5

myocobacterium flagella

Answer 5

aflagellate

Question 6

myocobacterium temp

Answer 6

mesophilic

Question 7

aflagellate

Answer 7

no flagella

Question 8

myocobacterium generation time

Answer 8

SLOW … hard to culture

Question 9

myocobacterium PARASITE??!!

Answer 9

obligate parasites

Question 10

obligate parasites

Answer 10

can only grow in humans

Question 11

M. leprae cannot even be cultured unless

Answer 11

human macrophages are plated with it

Question 12

since Mycobacterium species are not categorized as gram positive or gram negative

Answer 12

called acid-fast

Question 13

acid-fast

Answer 13

that all initial dyes are retained instead of washed away

Question 14

acid-fast means gram stain

Answer 14

bad idea sis

Question 15

Mycobacteria cell wall

Answer 15

thick and waxy, composed of mycolic acid

Question 16

mycolic acid

Answer 16

lipid-like compound which holds in dyes

Question 17

mycolic acid is the

Answer 17

primary virulence factor of mycobacteria

Question 18

why is Mycolic acid is also the primary virulence factor of Mycobacteria

Answer 18

because it stops phagosome/lysosome fusion.

Question 19

most clinically relevant mycobacterium species

Answer 19

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 20

Mycobacterium tuberculosis where does it infect

Answer 20

many places, most commonly the lungs

Question 21

what percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections are in the lungs

Answer 21

90% ish

Question 22

why are most tuberculosis infections in the lungs

Answer 22

bacterial dependence on oxygen

Question 23

how much of population has a tuberculosis infection (TB)

Answer 23

1/3

Question 24

tuberculosis infections can be categorized as

Answer 24

-latent infection

active infection

Question 25

latent infection of TB is

Answer 25

LTBI

Question 26

active infection of TB is

Answer 26

ATBI

Question 27

latent tuberculosis infection

Answer 27

- bacteria have colonized but do not cause obvious symptoms | - maybe people never progress beyond this stage.

Question 28

active tuberculosis infection

Answer 28

Only about 10% of people with LTBI will develop ATBI (unless HIV-positiv

Question 29

mortality rate if ATBI

Answer 29

over 50% if not treated

Question 30

spread of TB is

Answer 30

entirely human to human

Question 31

how is TB PASSED

Answer 31

aerosols from: - speaking - singing - coughing - sneezing

Question 32

one sneeze from TB person

Answer 32

40,000 droplets

Question 33

infections dose of TB

Answer 33

SMALL>>> only 10 bacteria

Question 34

TB is the ___ cause of death

Answer 34

2nd, to HIV>>> NOW IT 1 DOE

Question 35

how much of US population tests positive

Answer 35

5-10%

Question 36

in some Asian and African countries, TB rates can be as high as

Answer 36

80%

Question 37

to work at a healthcare facility..... a person in the US must pass

Answer 37

PPD test

Question 38

PPD test

Answer 38

purified protein derivative test

Question 39

what happens in PPD test

Answer 39

mall amounts of M. tuberculosis antigens are injected to see if the body reacts and forms a bump

Question 40

if PPD test is positive

Answer 40

you must go through extra testing to ensure you will not pass your TB on to patients`

Question 41

after initial infection of TB symptoms

Answer 41

flu-like symptoms

Question 42

f TB progresses to ATBI, the predominant symptoms will be:

Answer 42

- chest pain - night sweats/fever - persistent (3+ week) and productive cough - weight loss - loss of appetite

Question 43

where can M. tuberculosis survive

Answer 43

inside the phagosome of a macrophage

Question 44

why can M. tuberculosis can survive inside the phagosome of a macrophage

Answer 44

mycolic acid coat prevents destruction by lysosom

Question 45

mycolic acid cause the M. tuberculosis in the phagosome to

Answer 45

reproduces until it eventually kills the host macrophage.

Question 46

what happens after M. tuberculosis kills the macrophage

Answer 46

more macrophages come, consume the dead ones, and fuse their contents together.

Question 47

cycle of M. tuberculosis growth

Answer 47

repeats and repeats until formation of Langhans giant cell

Question 48

Langhans giant cell

Answer 48

giant, multinucleate cell called a Langhans

Question 49

A Langhans giant cell is a multinucleate cell with a

Answer 49

characteristic horseshoe shape

Question 50

after the formation of a Langhans giant cell by M. tuberculosis in macrophages the response is

Answer 50

large cellular mass>>>>> granuloma

Question 51

granuloma (TB)

Answer 51

a layer of T cells, B cells, and calcium

Question 52

(TB)when there is granuloma it is

Answer 52

is a latent infection (LTBI)

Question 53

in many cases, the granuloma *TB)

Answer 53

holds the bacteria for life (YAY)

Question 54

sometimes the granuloma (TB)

Answer 54

liquifies and the bacteria escape

Question 55

if the M. tuberculosis stay in the lungs after escaping the granuloma

Answer 55

causes ABTI

Question 56

if M. tuberculosis invade bloodstream after escaping granuoma

Answer 56

miliary tuberculosis

Question 57

miliary tuberculosis

Answer 57

granulomas forming across the body

Question 58

miliary tuberculosis ends in

Answer 58

death if untreated

Question 59

tuberculosis treatment

Answer 59

antibiotics

Question 60

tuberculosis antibiotic treatment length

Answer 60

minimum of six months of multi-antibiotic treatment to clear all granulomas

Question 61

many people with TB in developping countries

Answer 61

do not complete their antibiotic courses

Question 62

result of people in developping countries not completing TB treatment

Answer 62

- MDR-TB | - XDR-TB

Question 63

MDR-TB

Answer 63

multi-drug resistant TB

Question 64

XDR-TB

Answer 64

extensively-drug resistant TB

Question 65

how much to clear regular TB

Answer 65

$440

Question 66

treatment for MDR-TB

Answer 66

140, 000

Question 67

treatment XDR-TB

Answer 67

430,000

Question 68

what causes leprosy

Answer 68

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 69

leprosy other name

Answer 69

Hansen's disease

Question 70

leprosy is in BIBLE

Answer 70

but is rare, lepers were probs people with bacterial or fungal skin infections

Question 71

leprosy comes from

Answer 71

granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin or nerve cells

Question 72

granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin causes

Answer 72

boils

Question 73

granulomas in nerve cells

Answer 73

neurodegeneration

Question 74

leprosy latency period

Answer 74

LONG AF..... long as 20 years

Question 75

about how many people with leprosy develop symptoms

Answer 75

5%

Question 76

primary symptoms of leprosy

Answer 76

lumps on the skin

Question 77

if leprosy hits active form......

Answer 77

sheds original granulosas and colonize Schwann cells

Question 78

which Schwann cells do M. leprae colonize

Answer 78

Schwann cells wrapped around axons of neurons

Question 79

resulting damage from leprosy sheding their original granulosas and colonizing Schwann cells wrapped around the axons of neurons

Answer 79

resulting damage and inflammation>>> irreversible nerve damage>>>> death

Question 80

M. leprae spreads much better in parts of the body

Answer 80

with lower temperatures

Question 81

places where M. leprae spreads good

Answer 81

eyebrows, face, fingers, elbows, and scrotum

Question 82

It is thought that M. leprae underwent

Answer 82

reverse zoonosis

Question 83

reverse zoonosis M. leprae

Answer 83

from humans to armadillos

Question 84

why did leprosy go to armadillos

Answer 84

ow body temperature made them excellent reservoirs for leprosy

Question 85

armadillos

Answer 85

now probably pass leprosy back to humans