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Mental Health 1 > Drug Classification and Harms > Flashcards

Drug Classification and Harms Flashcards

Understand how drugs are classified in the UK and international conventions, supposedly according to harms Learn about the many different harms of drugs which contribute to overall harms See the most modern and up-to-date approach to estimating the many different harms of different drugs Explore the flaws in current policy and consider new approaches

1
Q

What is a drug?

A

A chemical which, when taken, produces physiological changes

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2
Q

In the UK, what regulates pharmaceuticals?

A

MHRA Medicines Act

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3
Q

In the UK, what regulates recreational drugs?

A

Home Office’s Misuse of Drugs Act (1971)

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4
Q

State 4 classes of illegal drugs

A

Depressants, stimulants, psychedelics, cannabis

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5
Q

What is the maximum penalty for possessing a class A drug?

A

7 years

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6
Q

What is the maximum penalty for possessing a class C drug?

A

2 years

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7
Q

Name at least 4 class A drugs

A

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, psilocybin

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8
Q

Name 4 class B drugs

A

Amphetamines, barbiturates, ketamine, cannabis

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9
Q

Name at least 4 class C drugs

A

Benzodiazepines, GHB, buprenorphine, steroids, growth hormone, clenbuterol

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10
Q

Can cannabis be prescribed in the UK?

A

No - November 2018 legislation permits medical use but it cannot be prescribed

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11
Q

Give 3 causes of drug harms

A

The drug itself, the route of use, and drug addiction

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of anthrax in the UK

A

Injecting heroin

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13
Q

How many smokers die of smoking-related diseases?

A

Half

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14
Q

How many deaths occur per million heroin users?

A

20,000

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15
Q

How many deaths occur per million cocaine users?

A

170

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16
Q

What proportion of heroin users die of a drug overdose?

A

1 in 50

17
Q

State at least 3 possible consequences of acute drug toxicity

A

Respiratory depression, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hyponatraemia, cardiac symptoms, hepatitis

18
Q

Which drugs cause respiratory depression?

A

Opioids, benzodiazepines

19
Q

Which drugs cause hyperthermia?

A

Stimulants, e.g. MDMA

20
Q

Which drugs cause hyponatraemia?

A

MDMA

21
Q

Which drugs cause hepatitis?

A

MDMA

22
Q

Which drugs cause cardiac symptoms?

A

Cocaine, amphetamine

23
Q

How many young people in the UK die of alcohol poisoning every week?

A

3

24
Q

What percentage of make deaths between 16 and 44 are due to alcohol?

A

Over 20%

25
Q

What percentage of liver disease cases are due to alcohol?

A

80%

26
Q

How much has alcohol consumption increased over the past 40 years?

A

It has doubled

27
Q

Give a piece of evidence against a link between cannabis and schizophrenia

A

Cannabis use has increased 20x over the past 40 years, but the incidence of schizophrenia has remained relatively stable

28
Q

Which drugs cause confusion?

A

Depressants, especially ketamine

29
Q

Which drugs cause paranoia?

A

Cocaine, amphetamine, cannabis

30
Q

Which drug causes bladder damage with chronic use?

A

Ketamine

31
Q

Give 3 types of neurological damage caused by alcohol

A

Peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Krosakoff’s psychosis (all B1 deficiency)

32
Q

Using the ICSD drug harms model, name the 3 most harmful drugs

A

Alcohol, heroin, crack cocaine

Mental Health 1 (35 decks)

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