endo p 337 - 340

Question 1

which multiple endocrine neoplasia is associated with marfanoid habitus?

Answer 1

MEN2B

Question 2

name of the drug that sensitizes Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid gland?

Answer 2

cinacalcet

Question 3

how does cinacalcet change the level of PTH?

Answer 3

dec PTH

Question 4

clinical application of cinacalcet?

Answer 4

hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism

Question 5

name of the synthetic analog of aldosterone with little glucocorticoid effects?

Answer 5

fludrocortisone

Question 6

what is the clinical application of fludrocortisone?

Answer 6

mineralocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency

Question 7

name 3 side effects of fludrocortisone

Answer 7

edema, exacerbation of heart failure, hyperpigmentation

Question 8

3Ps for MEN1?

Answer 8

Parathyroid tumors
Pituitary tumors (prolactin or GH)
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (Zollinger Ellison syndrome, insulinomas, VIPomas, glucagonomas)

Question 9

what gene is associated with MEN1?

Answer 9

MEN1 gene (menin, tumor suppressor)

Question 10

what MEN is associated with RET gene

Answer 10

MEN2A and MEN2B

Question 11

What does RET gene code for?

Answer 11

receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 12

symptoms of VIPomas?

Answer 12

WDHA

Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, and Achlorhydria

Question 13

what path is associated with dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema), diabetes, DVT, and depression?

Answer 13

glucagonoma (also associated with MEN1)

Question 14

2Ps of MEN 2A?

Answer 14

Parathyroid hyperplasia

Pheochromocytoma

Question 15

1P of MEN 2B?

Answer 15

Pheochromocytoma

Question 16

what MEN is associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer 16

MEN2A, 2B

Question 17

which MEN is associated with mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis)

Answer 17

MEN 2B

Question 18

unique side effect of methimazole?

Answer 18

aplasia cutis

Question 19

what drug blocks the reabsorption of glucose in PCT?

Answer 19

SGLT-2 inhibitors (canagliflozin)

Question 20

name of the enzyme that propylthiouracil blocks

Answer 20

5’ deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase

Question 21

name of the enzyme that methimazole blocks

Answer 21

thyroid peroxidase

Question 22

side effects of propylthiouracil?

Answer 22

skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

Question 23

name of the enzyme that propylthiouracil blocks

Answer 23

5’ deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase

Question 24

name of the enzyme that methimazole blocks

Answer 24

thyroid peroxidase

Question 25

side effects of propylthiouracil?

Answer 25

skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

Question 26

activation of what gene increases insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin?

Answer 26

PPAR-gamma

Question 27

what gene activation leads to HDL synthesis?

Answer 27

PPAR-alpha

Question 28

name of the drug that dec both gastric emptying and glucagon

Answer 28

pramlintide (amylin analog)

Question 29

drug that dec postprandial hyperglycemia

Answer 29

acarbose, miglitol (alpha glucosidase inhibitors)

Question 30

name 5 drugs that inc insulin and dec glucagon release

Answer 30

GLP-1 analog - exenatide - liraglutide DPP-4 inhibitors - linagliptin - saxagliptin - sitagliptin

Question 31

name two 1st generation sulfonylureas

Answer 31

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

Question 32

name three 2nd generation sulfonylureas

Answer 32

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Question 33

what is the mech of sulfonylureas?

Answer 33

close K+ channel of beta cell --> cell depolarizes --> insulin release via Ca2+ influx

Question 34

name the general side effect of sulfonylureas

Answer 34

risk of hypoglycemia in renal failure

Question 35

side effects of 1st generation sulfonylureas (chlorpamide, tolbutamide)?

Answer 35

disulfiram like effects, SIADH

Question 36

other drugs that lead to disulfiram like effects

Answer 36

metronidazole, griseofulvin, procarbazine, some cephalosporin

Question 37

what are the drugs that bind to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator to inc insulin sensitivity?

Answer 37

glitazones/thiazolidinediones - pioglitazone - rosiglitazone

Question 38

what is metformin contraindicated with

Answer 38

renal insufficiency

Question 39

name 2 long acting insulin

Answer 39

detemir, glargine

Question 40

intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 40

NPH (twice a day)

Question 41

name 3 short acting insulin

Answer 41

aspart, glulisine, lispro

Question 42

what is the treatment strategy for type 1 DM?

Answer 42

low carb diet, insulin replacement

Question 43

treatment strategy for type 2 DM?

Answer 43

dietary modification, exercise for weight loss, oral agents

Question 44

what are the 2 roles of genes activated by PPAR-gamma

Answer 44

1. fatty acid storage | 2. glucose metabolism

Question 45

clinical application of somatostatin (octreotide)

Answer 45

acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

Question 46

name 3 ADH antagonists (V2 blockers)

Answer 46

conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Question 47

what drug is used for central DI?

Answer 47

desmopressin acetate

Question 48

what drug is used for Turner syndrome?

Answer 48

GH

Question 49

DOC to control uterine hemorrhage?

Answer 49

oxytocin

Question 50

if glucocorticoids are suddenly stopped after the chronic usage, what is the consequence?

Answer 50

adrenal insufficiency

Question 51

name 2 targets inhibited by glucocorticoids

Answer 51

phospholipase A2, transcription factor NF-KB

Question 52

what is triamcinolone?

Answer 52

glucocorticoids