Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans > neuro 490 - 494 > Flashcards

neuro 490 - 494 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what neurocutaneous dz is associated with optic gliomas?

A

NF type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NF type 1 is also called

A

von Recklinghausen dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what neurocutaneous dz (ND) is associated with shagreen patches?

A

TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what ND is associated with pheochromocytoma?

A

VHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of multiple endocrine neoplasia is associated with pheochromocytoma?

A

MEN2B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what ND is associated with GNAQ gene mutation?

A

sturge weber syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which ND is associated with 2’ polycythemia?

A

VHL (hemangioblastoma –> inc EPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what ND is associated with inc incidence of subependymal astrocytomas and ungual fibroma

A

TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which ND is associated with early onset glaucoma?

A

sturge weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain the pathophysio behind early onset glaucoma in sturge weber

A

ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma & episcleral hemangioma –> inc IOP –> early onset glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which ND is associated with seizures, epilepsy, and intellectual disability?

A

sturge weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what ND is associated with mitral regurge?

A

TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what path is associated with tram track calcification (opposing gyri)?

A

sturge weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is nevus flammeus and what dz is associated with it?

A

a non neoplastic brithmark in CN V1/V2 distribution, Sturge Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what neurocutaneous disorder is non-inherited (somatic)?

A

Sturge weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what neurocutaneous disorder is due to the developmental anomaly of neural crest derivatives?

A

Sturge weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the role of neurofibromin in NF1?

A

a negative regulator of RAS on ch#17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what path is associated with shagreen patches?

A

TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what path is associated with cafe au lait spots?

A

NF1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what path is associated with carvernous hemangioma in skin, mucosa, skin, organs?

A

vHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 neurocutaneous disorders associated with intellectual disability?

A

sturge weber, TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the type of headache associated with repetitive brief headache?

A

cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the characteristics of tension headache

A

steady pain, no photophobia or phnophobia. No aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how would you diff cluster, tension, migraine headache in terms of their location?

Study These Flashcards
A

cluster: unilateral
tension: bilateral
migraine: unilateral

25
what type of headache is associated with excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea with potential Horner syndrome?
Cluster
26
treatments for cluster headache?
100% O2, sumatriptan
27
target of sumatriptan?
5HT 1B/1D agonist --> inhibit trigeminal nerve activation, vasoactive peptide release --> induces vasoconstriction
28
how is trigeminal neuralgia diff from cluster headache?
TN produces repetitive shooting pain in the distribution of CN5 that lasts for less than 1 min
29
how would you diff cluster, tension, migraine headache in terms of duration?
cluster: 15 min - 3 hours tension: more than 30 min (typically 4-6hr) migraine: 4-72 hrs
30
explain the pathophysio of migraine
due to irritation of CN V, meninges, or blood vessels
31
in migraine, what 3 substances are released from blood vessels?
substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide, vasoactive peptides
32
4 DOC for migraine prophylaxis?
propranolol, topiramate, CCB, amitriptyline
33
4 DOC for tension headache?
analgesics, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, amitriptyline for chronic pain
34
mnemonics for migraine headache?
POUND ``` Pulsatile One day duration Unilateral Nausea Disabling ```
35
in terms of the location of the lesion, how can you diff peripheral vs ventral vertigo?
peripheral: inner ear etiology central: brain stem or cerebellar lesion
36
how would you test peripheral vertigo?
positional testing to see if there is any delayed horizontal nystagmus
37
how would you test central vertigo?
positional testing will reveal immediate nystagmus in any direction
38
name 3 inner etiologies that can cause peripheral vertigo
1. semicircular canal debris 2. vestibular nerve infection 3. Meniere dz
39
what brain tumor is associated with chick wire capillary pattern?
oligodendrogioma
40
what brain tumor is associated with drop metastases to spinal cord?
medulloblastoma
41
in uncal herniation, you get 2 unique clinical symptoms (other than CN3 symptoms), what are they? Explain.
1. contralateral crus cerebri at the Kernohan notch --> ipsilateral paresis, a false localization sign 2. ipsilateral PCA --> contralateral hmonymous hemianopia
42
what type of hernia can cause coma or death as a result of compressing brain stem?
cerebellar tonsillar herniation into the foramen magnum
43
what is uncus?
medial temporal lobe
44
what cranial nerve is affected by uncus herniation?
CN3
45
2 clinical symptoms from CN3 lesion?
blown pupil, down and out gaze
46
what type of hernia leads to duret hemorrhages?
downward transtentorial (central) herniation due to caudal displacement of the brain stem
47
duret hemorrhage is due to a rupture of what blood vessel?
paramedian basilar artery branches
48
what type of hernia compresses anterior cerebral artery?
cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
49
pts with cingulate (subfalcine) herniation will present what types of focal neurological deficits?
contralateral paralysis of the lower limbs contralateral loss of sensation of the lower limbs
50
childhood tumors occur normally in infratentorial. what is the exception?
craniopharyngioma (occurs in supratentorial)
51
which brain tumor is associated with small blue cell (Homer Wright rosetts)?
medulloblastoma
52
what other 2 paths are associated with small blue cells?
1. Ewing (anaplastic small blue cells) | 2. Neuroblastoma (neural crest cells --> Homer Wright rosette)
53
what 2 childhood brain tumors can affect the 4th ventricle?
medulloblastoma, ependymoma
54
what tumor is associated with rosenthal fibers?
pilocytic astrocytoma
55
what is rosenthal fibers?
eosinophilic, corkskrew fibers
56
what 2 brain tumors are GFAP positive?
``` glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma) pilocytic astrocytoma ```
57
DOC for glaucoma emergenices?
pilocarpine (very effective at opening meshwork into canal of Schlemm)
58
what 2 opioids are used for diarrhea?
loperamide, diphenoxylate
59
what 2 drugs are used for maintenance programs for heroin addicts?
methadone, buprenorphine + naloxone

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions