Development

Question 1

what does APGAR stand for?

Answer 1

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

Question 2

what APGAR scores require assist and stimulate?

Answer 2

4 - 6

Question 3

what is the consequence of having APGAR score less than 4

Answer 3

inc risk that the child will develop long term neurologic damage

Question 4

what is the cut off weight for low birth weight?

Answer 4

2.5 kg

Question 5

two causes for low birth weight?

Answer 5

prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction

Question 6

what two conditions are associated with low birth weight?

Answer 6

1. inc risk of sudden infant death syndrome

2. inc overall mortality

Question 7

complications associated with low birth weight?

Answer 7

infections, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotiziing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal circulation

Question 8

what pathology is associated with “thermoregulation and immune function, polycythemia, and impaired neurocognitive/emotional development?”

Answer 8

low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)

Question 9

at what age does a baby develop separation anxiety?

Answer 9

by 9 month

Question 10

at what age does a baby develop stranger anxiety?

Answer 10

by 6 month

Question 11

object permanence develops by

Answer 11

9 month

Question 12

when does a baby start to babble?

Answer 12

by 10 month

Question 13

how many words can a 3 yr old baby?

Answer 13

1,000 words

Question 14

baby climbs stairs by

Answer 14

18 month

Question 15

gender identity formed by

Answer 15

36 month

Question 16

cooperative play starts at what age?

Answer 16

3 yr

Question 17

when does a baby feeds self with fork and spoon?

Answer 17

by 20 month

Question 18

how is REM affected by aging?

Answer 18

dec

Question 19

is slow wave sleep dec or inc by aging?

Answer 19

dec

Question 20

in presbycusis what is destroyed?

Answer 20

destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base

Question 21

what frequency is preserved in presbycusis?

Answer 21

low freq hearing at apex

Question 22

what is the number one killer among 45 - 64 yr?

Answer 22

cancer

Question 23

what is the number one killer among 1-44 yr?

Answer 23

unintentional injury

Question 24

what drugs dec REM?

Answer 24

alcohol, benzo, barbs, norepinephrine

Question 25

in noised induced hearing loss, what is damaged?

Answer 25

stereociliated cells in organ of Corti

Question 26

when can a baby tell detailed stories?

Answer 26

by 4 yr

Question 27

by what age can a baby takes first steps?

Answer 27

by 12 month

Question 28

when does rapproachement (moves away from and returns to mom) take place?

Answer 28

by 24 month

Question 29

when does a child can use buttons, zippers, groom oneself?

Answer 29

by 5 yr

Question 30

when does a baby start to comfortably send part of day away from mom?

Answer 30

by 3 yr

Question 31

what procedure improves "process reliability?"

Answer 31

standardization

Question 32

what does "swiss cheese model" explain?

Answer 32

in complex organizations, flaws in mulitple processes and systems may align to cause patient harm

Question 33

according to swiss cheese model, what needs to be done to improve pt's care?

Answer 33

focus on systems and conditions rather than an individual's error

Question 34

what is active error?

Answer 34

occurs at level of frontline operator such as wrong IV pump dose programmed

Question 35

what is latent error?

Answer 35

occurs in processes indirect from operator but impacts patient care such as different types of IV pumps used within same hospital

Question 36

name of the medical error analysis that uses records and participant interviews to identify all the underlying problems that led to an error.

Answer 36

root cause analysis

Question 37

root cause analysis uses what approach?

Answer 37

retrospective approach applied after failure event to prevent recurrence.

Question 38

what is failure mode and effects analysis?

Answer 38

medical error analysis that uses inductive reasoning to identify all the ways a process might fail and prioritize these by their probability of occurrence and impact on patients

Question 39

what type of approach is used for failure mode and effects analysis?

Answer 39

forward-looking approach applied before process implementation to prevent failure occurrence