micro p 192 - 195

Question 1

name of the drug that blocks Na+ channels?

Answer 1

Permethrin

Question 2

what is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for mite/louse therapy?

Answer 2

Malathion

Question 3

which blocks GABA channels?

Answer 3

lindane

Question 4

what are the 2 names of the pathogens that Permethrin, Malathion, and Lindane are used for?

Answer 4

Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

lice (Pediculus and Pthirus)

Question 5

what is the mech of Chloroquine?

Answer 5

blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin

Question 6

two toxicities for chloroquine?

Answer 6

1. retinopathy

2. pruritus (especially in dark skinned individuals)

Question 7

which malaria species has the highest drug (Chloroquine) resistance freq?

Answer 7

P. falciparum

Question 8

what is the mech of chloroquine resistance of P. falciparum?

Answer 8

membrane pump that decreases intracellular conc of the drug

Question 9

DOC for P. falciparum?

Answer 9

Artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil

Question 10

DOC for life threatening malaria?

Answer 10

Quinidine in the US (Quinine elsewhere) or artesunate

Question 11

what is the target of Enfuvirtide?

Answer 11

gp41 (inhibits viral entry)

Question 12

what drug can lead to kernicterus?

Answer 12

sulfonamide

Question 13

what is the drug that blocks HCV protease inhibitor?

Answer 13

simeprevir

Question 14

what drug blocks HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase acting as a chain terminator?

Answer 14

sofosbuvir

Question 15

what hep C drug gives hemolytic anemia and is severe teratogen

Answer 15

ribavirin

Question 16

DOC for kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell luekemia, condyloma acuminatum?

Answer 16

IFN-alpha

Question 17

side effects of interferons?

Answer 17

neutropenia, myopathy, depression, suicide

Question 18

DOC to boost other HIV drug conc?

Answer 18

Ritonavir

Question 19

what drugs block influenza neuraminidase that leads to dec release of progeny virus?

Answer 19

oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 20

2 drugs for CMV retinitis in immunecompromised pts?

Answer 20

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

Question 21

which drug preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase?

Answer 21

Cidofovir

Question 22

Does Cidofovir require phosphorylation?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

name all the anti-viral agents that require phosphorylation by kinase to be activated?

Answer 23

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir

Question 24

how is ganciclovir different from acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir?

Answer 24

ganciclovir is specific for CMV b/c 5’monophosphate is formed by CMV viral kinase, whereas in case of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir, they are monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase

Question 25

what is the name of the prodrug of ganciclovir that has better oral bioavailability?

Answer 25

Valganciclovir

Question 26

what are the side effects of acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir?

Answer 26

obstructive crystalline nephropahty, acute renal failure

Question 27

what are the side effects of ganciclovir?

Answer 27

leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 28

define "disinfection?"

Answer 28

reduction of pathogenic organism counts to safe levels

Question 29

define "sterilization?"

Answer 29

inactivation of self-propagating biological entities

Question 30

what agent is sporicidal?

Answer 30

hydrogen peroxide

Question 31

is chlorhexidine sporicidal?

Answer 31

no (it just denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes)

Question 32

DOC for multiple sclerosis?

Answer 32

IFN-beta

Question 33

what drug blocks the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

Answer 33

sofosbuvir

Question 34

side effects of protease inhibitors?

Answer 34

hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy, nephropathy?

Question 35

which protease inhibitor can lead to hematuria?

Answer 35

indinavir

Question 36

what particular drug is contraindicated to protease inhibitors?

Answer 36

rifampin since it's a potent CYP/UGT inducer and can dec the conc of PI

Question 37

what is the main side effect of NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)?

Answer 37

bone marrow suppression (which can be reversed by giving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin and lactic acidosis

Question 38

HIV DOC for prophylaxis during pregnancy?

Answer 38

Zidovudine (ZDV)

Question 39

name of the HIV drug that is nucleotide (not nucleoside)?

Answer 39

Tenofovir

Question 40

what HIV drug can cause pancreatitis?

Answer 40

Didanosine

Question 41

what class of drug binds to reverse transcriptase at a different site from NRTIs?

Answer 41

NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase)

Question 42

name 3 NNRTIs?

Answer 42

delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine