Endocrine

Question 1

hormones produced by basophils of anterior pituitary

Answer 1

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

“B-FLAT”

Question 2

hormones produced by acidophils of anterior pituitary

Answer 2

GH, PRL

Question 3

GLUT 1 found in

Answer 3

RBCs, brain, cornea, placenta

Question 4

GLUT 2 found in

Answer 4

islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine. it’s bidirectional

Question 5

GLUT 3 found in

Answer 5

brain, placenta

Question 6

GLUT 4 found in

Answer 6

adipose tissue, striated muscle. This is the only one that is insulin dependent

Question 7

GLUT 5 found in

Answer 7

spermatocytes, GI tract. used for fructose

Question 8

insulin receptors are of which class

Answer 8

tyrosine kinase

Question 9

effect of insulin on Na+

Answer 9

increases retention in kidneys

Question 10

effect of TRH

Answer 10

increases TSH and prolactin

Question 11

effect of somatostatin on pituitary

Answer 11

decreases GH and TSH

Question 12

effect of dopamine on pituitary

Answer 12

decreases prolactin and TSH

Question 13

effect of PRL on hormone release

Answer 13

decreases GnRH

Question 14

ADH acts on vessels via which receptor

Answer 14

V1

Question 15

ADH acts on kidneys via which receptor

Answer 15

V2

Question 16

17-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

Answer 16

increased BP

decreased sex hormones and cortisol

Question 17

21-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

Answer 17

increased sex hormones

decreased BP and cortisol

Question 18

11-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

Answer 18

increased sex hormones and BP

decreased cortisol

Question 19

labs 17-hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 19

decreased androstenedione

Question 20

labs 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 20

increased renin, increased 17-hydroxyprogresterone

Question 21

labs 11-hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 21

decreased renin

Question 22

ACTH activates

Answer 22

cholesterol desmolase to form pregnenolone

Question 23

physiologic effects of vitamin D

Answer 23

increases gut absorption of Ca and phosphate

Question 24

which cells produce PTH

Answer 24

chief cells of parathyroid

Question 25

effect of moderately low Mg2+ on PTH release

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

effect of extremely low Mg2+ on PTH release

Answer 26

decreases

Question 27

which cells produce calcitonin

Answer 27

parafollicular (C cells) of thyroid

Question 28

physiologic effects of calcitonin

Answer 28

mainly/only decreases bone resorption

Question 29

BNP, ANP, EDRF (for NO) use this signaling pathway

Answer 29

cGMP

Question 30

FSH, LH, TSH, hCG, CRH, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH use this signaling pathway

Answer 30

cAMP

Question 31

calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon use this signaling pathway

Answer 31

cAMP

Question 32

GnRH, oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH, H1, AT II, gastrin use this pathway

Answer 32

IP3

Question 33

insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF use this signaling pathway

Answer 33

receptor tyrosine kinase (MAP kinase)

Question 34

prolactin, immunomodulators, GH, G-CSF, EPO, and TPO use this signaling pathway

Answer 34

non-receptor tyrosine kinase (JAK/STAT)

Question 35

histology of neuroblastoma (adrenal)

Answer 35

Homer-Wright rosettes

Question 36

germline cases of pheochromocytoma are associated with which mutations

Answer 36

NF1, VHL RET (MEN 2a, 2b)

Question 37

cholesterol level in hypothyroidism

Answer 37

hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor)

Question 38

cholesterol level in hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

hypocholesterolemia (increased LDL receptor)

Question 39

HLA association Hashimoto

Answer 39

DR5

Question 40

which non-neoplastic thyroid disease has Hurthle cells

Answer 40

Hashimoto

Question 41

Wolf-Chaikoff effect

Answer 41

thyroid gland downregulates due to increased iodide

Question 42

Jod-Basedown phenomenon

Answer 42

thyrotoxicosis if you repleat an iodine-deficient person who has autonomous thyroid tissue

Question 43

which cancer has orphan annie eyes

Answer 43

papillary thyroid cancer

Question 44

which thyroid cancer is associated with psammoma bodies

Answer 44

papillary thyroid cancer

Question 45

which is a cancer of thyroid c cells

Answer 45

medullary carcinoma

Question 46

which thyroid cancer is associated with hematogenous spread

Answer 46

follicular carcinoma

Question 47

which thyroid cancer is associated with childhood irradiation

Answer 47

papillary carcinoma

Question 48

what is Nelson syndrome

Answer 48

enlargment of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma after removing both adrenals

Question 49

GH receptor antagonist used for acromegaly

Answer 49

pegvisomant

Question 50

what is Laron syndrome

Answer 50

dwarfism due to defective GH receptors

Question 51

T1DM HLA associations

Answer 51

DR3, DR4

Question 52

presentation of glucagonoma

Answer 52

dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythemia) diabetes, DVT, declining weight, depression

Question 53

test to suppress gastrin levels/dx ZE

Answer 53

secretin administration

Question 54

MEN 1

Answer 54

pituitary tumor, pancreatic tumor, parathyroid adenoma

Question 55

MEN 2a

Answer 55

pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia

Question 56

MEN 2b

Answer 56

pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and mucosal neuromas. Also associated with marfanoid habitus

Question 57

RET is on chromosome...

Answer 57

10

Question 58

MEN1 gene is on chromosome...

Answer 58

11

Question 59

MOA metformin

Answer 59

decreases gluconeogensis, increase glycolysis and peripheral glucose utilization

Question 60

MOA sulfonylureas

Answer 60

close K+ channel to increase insulin release

Question 61

class of drugs: chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

Answer 61

first generation sulfonylureas

Question 62

class of drugs: glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Answer 62

second generation sulfonylureas

Question 63

MOA glitazones/thiazolidinediones

Answer 63

increase insulin sensitivity, bind PPAR-gamma

Question 64

MOA meglitinides

Answer 64

bind K+ channel (different site than sulfonylureas)

Question 65

class of drugs: exenatide, liralutide

Answer 65

GLP-1 analogs

Question 66

class of drugs: linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

Answer 66

DDP4 inhibitors

Question 67

class of drugs pramlintide

Answer 67

amylin analog

Question 68

MOA amylin

Answer 68

decrease gastric emptying and glucagon

Question 69

oral hypoglycemic drugs that do not require islet function

Answer 69

metformin, amylin, SGLT-2 inhibitors (but these aren't used in type 1)

Question 70

class of drugs: acarbose, miglitol

Answer 70

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 71

class of drugs conivaptan, tolvaptan

Answer 71

ADH receptor antagonists

Question 72

MOA fludrocortisone

Answer 72

aldosterone analog with little glucocorticoid effects

Question 73

cinacalcet MOA

Answer 73

sensitizes CaSR to decrease PTH release