Flashcards in Endocrine Deck (73):
1
hormones produced by basophils of anterior pituitary
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
("B-FLAT")
2
hormones produced by acidophils of anterior pituitary
GH, PRL
3
GLUT 1 found in
RBCs, brain, cornea, placenta
4
GLUT 2 found in
islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine. it's bidirectional
5
GLUT 3 found in
brain, placenta
6
GLUT 4 found in
adipose tissue, striated muscle. This is the only one that is insulin dependent
7
GLUT 5 found in
spermatocytes, GI tract. used for fructose
8
insulin receptors are of which class
tyrosine kinase
9
effect of insulin on Na+
increases retention in kidneys
10
effect of TRH
increases TSH and prolactin
11
effect of somatostatin on pituitary
decreases GH and TSH
12
effect of dopamine on pituitary
decreases prolactin and TSH
13
effect of PRL on hormone release
decreases GnRH
14
ADH acts on vessels via which receptor
V1
15
ADH acts on kidneys via which receptor
V2
16
17-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones
increased BP
decreased sex hormones and cortisol
17
21-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones
increased sex hormones
decreased BP and cortisol
18
11-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones
increased sex hormones and BP
decreased cortisol
19
labs 17-hydroxylase deficiency
decreased androstenedione
20
labs 21-hydroxylase deficiency
increased renin, increased 17-hydroxyprogresterone
21
labs 11-hydroxylase deficiency
decreased renin
22
ACTH activates
cholesterol desmolase to form pregnenolone
23
physiologic effects of vitamin D
increases gut absorption of Ca and phosphate
24
which cells produce PTH
chief cells of parathyroid
25
effect of moderately low Mg2+ on PTH release
increases
26
effect of extremely low Mg2+ on PTH release
decreases
27
which cells produce calcitonin
parafollicular (C cells) of thyroid
28
physiologic effects of calcitonin
mainly/only decreases bone resorption
29
BNP, ANP, EDRF (for NO) use this signaling pathway
cGMP
30
FSH, LH, TSH, hCG, CRH, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH use this signaling pathway
cAMP
31
calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon use this signaling pathway
cAMP
32
GnRH, oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH, H1, AT II, gastrin use this pathway
IP3
33
insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF use this signaling pathway
receptor tyrosine kinase (MAP kinase)
34
prolactin, immunomodulators, GH, G-CSF, EPO, and TPO use this signaling pathway
non-receptor tyrosine kinase (JAK/STAT)
35
histology of neuroblastoma (adrenal)
Homer-Wright rosettes
36
germline cases of pheochromocytoma are associated with which mutations
NF1, VHL RET (MEN 2a, 2b)
37
cholesterol level in hypothyroidism
hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor)
38
cholesterol level in hyperthyroidism
hypocholesterolemia (increased LDL receptor)
39
HLA association Hashimoto
DR5
40
which non-neoplastic thyroid disease has Hurthle cells
Hashimoto
41
Wolf-Chaikoff effect
thyroid gland downregulates due to increased iodide
42
Jod-Basedown phenomenon
thyrotoxicosis if you repleat an iodine-deficient person who has autonomous thyroid tissue
43
which cancer has orphan annie eyes
papillary thyroid cancer
44
which thyroid cancer is associated with psammoma bodies
papillary thyroid cancer
45
which is a cancer of thyroid c cells
medullary carcinoma
46
which thyroid cancer is associated with hematogenous spread
follicular carcinoma
47
which thyroid cancer is associated with childhood irradiation
papillary carcinoma
48
what is Nelson syndrome
enlargment of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma after removing both adrenals
49
GH receptor antagonist used for acromegaly
pegvisomant
50
what is Laron syndrome
dwarfism due to defective GH receptors
51
T1DM HLA associations
DR3, DR4
52
presentation of glucagonoma
dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythemia) diabetes, DVT, declining weight, depression
53
test to suppress gastrin levels/dx ZE
secretin administration
54
MEN 1
pituitary tumor, pancreatic tumor, parathyroid adenoma
55
MEN 2a
pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia
56
MEN 2b
pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and mucosal neuromas. Also associated with marfanoid habitus
57
RET is on chromosome...
10
58
MEN1 gene is on chromosome...
11
59
MOA metformin
decreases gluconeogensis, increase glycolysis and peripheral glucose utilization
60
MOA sulfonylureas
close K+ channel to increase insulin release
61
class of drugs: chlorpropamide, tolbutamide
first generation sulfonylureas
62
class of drugs: glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide
second generation sulfonylureas
63
MOA glitazones/thiazolidinediones
increase insulin sensitivity, bind PPAR-gamma
64
MOA meglitinides
bind K+ channel (different site than sulfonylureas)
65
class of drugs: exenatide, liralutide
GLP-1 analogs
66
class of drugs: linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
DDP4 inhibitors
67
class of drugs pramlintide
amylin analog
68
MOA amylin
decrease gastric emptying and glucagon
69
oral hypoglycemic drugs that do not require islet function
metformin, amylin, SGLT-2 inhibitors (but these aren't used in type 1)
70
class of drugs: acarbose, miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
71
class of drugs conivaptan, tolvaptan
ADH receptor antagonists
72
MOA fludrocortisone
aldosterone analog with little glucocorticoid effects
73