Gastrointestinal

Question 1

what is a gastroschisis

Answer 1

like omphalocele, except not covered by peritoneum

Question 2

duodenal atresia associated with which disease

Answer 2

Down syndrome

Question 3

MCC jejunal and ileal atreasia

Answer 3

ischemic necrosis

Question 4

classic electrolyte distrubance in pyloric stenosis

Answer 4

hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis

Question 5

which GI organ comes from mesoderm

Answer 5

spleen

Question 6

frequency of basal electrical rhythms of stomach, duodenum, and ileum

Answer 6

3, 12, 8-9

Question 7

Brunner glands found in

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

plicae circulares found in

Answer 8

jejunum and ileum

Question 9

largest number of goblet cells is found in which part of small intestine

Answer 9

ileum

Question 10

right gastric artery comes off of which other artery

Answer 10

common hepatic artery

Question 11

besides endothelial cells, which cells line liver sinusoids

Answer 11

Kupffer cells

Question 12

which cells are in space of Disse

Answer 12

hepatic stellate cells. store vit A when quiescent, and produce ECM when activated

Question 13

which zone of the liver is affected by yellow fever

Answer 13

zone II

Question 14

which zone of the liver has P450 system

Answer 14

zone III

Question 15

what is Hesselbach triangle

Answer 15

triangle formed by rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric vessels, and inguinal ligament

Question 16

indirect inguinal hernias enter internal inguinal ring (medial/lateral) to inferior epigastric arteries

Answer 16

lateral

Question 17

source of gastrin

Answer 17

G cells in antrum and duodenum

Question 18

source of gastric somatostatin

Answer 18

D cells in islets and GI mucosa

Question 19

source of CCK

Answer 19

I cells in duodenum, jejunum

Question 20

source of secretin

Answer 20

S cells in duodenum

Question 21

source of GDIP/GIP

Answer 21

K cells in duodenum, jejunum

Question 22

source of motilin

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

source of VIP

Answer 23

parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

Question 24

source of IF

Answer 24

parietal cells

Question 25

source of ghrelin

Answer 25

stomach

Question 26

source of gastric acid

Answer 26

parietal cells

Question 27

source of pepsin

Answer 27

chief cells

Question 28

source of bicarbonate

Answer 28

mucosal cells, salivary glands, pancreas, and brunner glands

Question 29

function and regulation of somatostatin

Answer 29

stop everything. activated by acid, inhibited by vagal stimulation

Question 30

function and regulation of CCK

Answer 30

pancreatic (enzymatic) and gallbladder secretion. stimulated by FAs and AAs

Question 31

function and regulation of secretin

Answer 31

increase bicarb from pancreas. stimulated by acid and fatty acids

Question 32

function and regulation of VIP

Answer 32

watery secretions. stimulated by vagal system and distention

Question 33

transporter for fructose in gut

Answer 33

GLUT-5 in lumen. GLUT2 for entering blood (same as glucose and galactose)

Question 34

RLS for bile acid synthesis

Answer 34

cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase

Question 35

benign salivary cystic tumor with germinal centers

Answer 35

Warthin tumor. aka papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

Question 36

what is Boerhaave syndrome

Answer 36

transmural distal esophageal rupture with pneumomediastinum

Question 37

what is Menetrier disease

Answer 37

precancerous hyperplasia of stomach mucosa, produces more mucus and causes parietal cell atrophy

Question 38

what is a virchow node

Answer 38

supraclavicular node from stomach met

Question 39

what is a sister mary joseph nodule

Answer 39

subcutaneous periumbilical met

Question 40

stain used for fecal fat

Answer 40

sudan stain

Question 41

lactose intolerance test

Answer 41

>20 ppm change in hydrogen breath test, acidic stool

Question 42

possible cutaneous manifestations of UC and Crohn

Answer 42

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Question 43

possible mucosa/eye manifestations of UC and Crohn

Answer 43

episcleritis, uveitis, aphthous ulcers

Question 44

Zenker diverticulum is through which triangle

Answer 44

Killian

Question 45

uptake study to dx Meckel diverticulum

Answer 45

pertechnetate for ectopic gastric mucosa

Question 46

Hirschsprung is associated with this mutation and this chromosomal anamoly

Answer 46

RET and Down syndrome

Question 47

what are ladd bands

Answer 47

fibrous bands that attach cecum to peritoneal wall. caused by malrotation of midgut in development

Question 48

CRC sequence

Answer 48

APC leads to at-risk colon. KRAS causes adenoma. P53 leads to carcinoma

Question 49

serrated colonic polyps associated with mutatiosn in

Answer 49

BRAF. and microsatellite instability with CpG hypermethylation

Question 50

what chromosome is APC on

Answer 50

5q

Question 51

what is Gardner syndrome

Answer 51

FAP + sarcomas, retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy, and impacted/supernumerary teeth

Question 52

what is turcot syndrome

Answer 52

FAP + CNS tumor

Question 53

which part of the intestines is always affected when lynch syndrome progresses to CRC

Answer 53

proximal colon

Question 54

in non-lynch syndrome CRC, rank the most common places

Answer 54

rectosigmoid > ascending > descending

Question 55

tumor marker for CRC recurrence

Answer 55

CEA

Question 56

Mallory bodies found in

Answer 56

alcoholic hepatitis

Question 57

angiosarcoma of liver is associated with which carcinogens

Answer 57

arsenic, vinyl chloride

Question 58

mutation in Wilson disease

Answer 58

ATP7B (chr 13), which transports copper

Question 59

Kayser-Fleischer rings

Answer 59

deposits in cornea in Wilson disease

Question 60

HFE is on chromosome...

Answer 60

6

Question 61

onion skin fibrosis of the duct found in

Answer 61

PSC

Question 62

intra- and extra-hepatic ducts affected in

Answer 62

PSC

Question 63

intralobular ducts affected in

Answer 63

PBC

Question 64

extrahepatic ducts obstructed in

Answer 64

secondary biliary cirrhosis

Question 65

black pigment gallstones due to

Answer 65

calcium bilirubinate

Question 66

brown pigment gallstones due to

Answer 66

infection

Question 67

marker for pancreatic cancer

Answer 67

CA 19-9

Question 68

Courvoisier sign

Answer 68

obstructive jaundice with palpable, nontender gallbladder (in pancreatic cancer)

Question 69

class of drugs: cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

Answer 69

H2 blockers