Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
McMurray test
A
Popping on external rotation is medial meniscal tear
Popping on internal rotation is lateral meniscal tear
2
Q
innervation of rotator cuff
A
C5-C6
3
Q
innervation supraspinatus
A
suprascapular nerve
4
Q
innervation infraspinatus
A
suprascapular nerve
5
Q
innervation of teres minor
A
axillary nerve
6
Q
innervation of subscapularis
A
upper and lower subscapular nerves
7
Q
dislocation of which wrist bone can cause acute carpal tunnel
A
lunate
8
Q
damage of which wrist bone can damage ulnar nerve
A
hamate
9
Q
which wrist bones are directly distal to scaphoid
A
trapezium laterally
trapezoid
capitate most medially
10
Q
lunate articulates with which bones
A
scaphoid, capitate, hamate, triquetrum (contains pisiform)
11
Q
Guyon canal syndrome
A
compression of ulnar nerve at wrist or hand, seen in cyclists
12
Q
what roots contribute to axillary nerve
A
C5-C6
13
Q
what roots contribute to radial nerve
A
C5-T1
14
Q
what roots contribute to musculocutaneous nerve
A
C5-C7
15
Q
roots of median nerve
A
C5-T1
16
Q
roots of ulnar nerve
A
C8-T1
17
Q
lesion in Erb palsy (waiter’s tip deformity)
A
upper trunk
18
Q
lesion causing (total) claw hand (Klumpke palsy)
A
lower trunk
19
Q
lesion causing wrist drop
A
posterior cord or radial nerve
20
Q
lesion in saturday night palsy
A
radial nerve
21
Q
lesion winged scapula
A
long thoracic nerve
22
Q
lesion difficulty flexing elbow + variable sensory loss
A
musculocutaneous
23
Q
lesion Ape’s hand and Pope’s blessing
A
median nerve
24
Q
lesion 4th and 5th claw
A
ulnar nerve
25
a distal ulnar nerve lesion causes
ulnar claw when extending
26
a proximal ulnar nerve lesion causes
OK gesture when making a fist
27
a distal median nerve lesion causes
median claw
28
a proximal median nerve lesion causes
Pope's blessing when making a fist
29
thoracic outlet syndrome compresses which part of brachial plexus
lower trunk
30
roots of obturator nerve
L2-L4
31
roots of femoral nerve
L2-L4
32
roots of common peroneal nerve
L4-S2
33
roots of tibial nerve
L4-S3
34
roots of superior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
35
roots of sciatic nerve
L4-S3
36
roots of inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
37
roots of pudendal nerve
S2-S4
38
artery paired with long thoracic nerve
lateral thoracic A
39
artery paired with axillary nerve
posterior circumflex A
40
artery paired with radial nerve
deep brachial A
41
artery paired with median nerve in distal humerus
brachial A
42
artery paired with tibial nerve in popliteal fossa
popliteal A
43
artery paired with tibial nerve in leg
posterior tibial A
44
in muscle contraction, calcium binds to
troponin C
45
sarcomere Z line
the ends of each sarcomere, connects one sarcomere to the next
46
sarcomere M line
mid-sarcomere line, through myosin
47
sarcomere A band
myosin band, always stays the same length
48
sarcomere H band
space between actin filaments, overlies myosin, bisected by M line
49
sarcomere I band
actin that is not overlying myosin, bisected by Z line
50
which muscle fibers are slow
type 1 fibers
51
mutation achondroplasia
gof FGFR3, only affects endochondral ossification
52
osteoporosis DEXA score
T score less than -2.5
53
disease that can cause hat size increase and hearing loss
Paget disease of bone
54
lab values osteoporosis
normal
55
lab values osteopetrosis
possibly low calcium
56
lab values Paget disease of bone
high ALP
57
lab values osteofibrosa cystica
consistent with primary hyperthyroidism
high calcium, low phosphate, high ALP, high PTH
58
lab values secondary hyperthyroidism
low calcium, high phosphate, high ALP, high PTH
59
lab values osteomalacia/rickets
low calcium, low phosphate, high ALP, high PTH
60
lab values hypervitaminosis D
high calcium, high phosphate, low PTH
61
MC bone location Ewing
diaphysis
62
MC bone location osteosarcoma
metaphysis
63
MC bone location osteochondroma
metaphysis
64
MC bone location myeloma
diaphysis
65
MC bone location osteoid osteoma
diaphysis, periosteum
66
MC bone location fibrous dysplasia
diaphysis
67
MC bone location simple bone cyst
border of diaphysis and metaphysis
68
MC bone location giant cell tumor
epiphysis. the only tumor here
69
soap bubble sign on this bone tumor
giant cell tumor
70
onion skin periosteal reaction in this bone tumor
Ewing
71
codman triangle or sunburst pattern in this bone tumor
osteosarcoma
72
Li-Fraumeni, Paget disease of bone, and familial retinoblastoma are risk factors for this bone tumor
osteosarcoma
73
anaplastic small blue cells in this bone tumor
Ewing
74
biomodal distribution in this bone tumor
osteosarcoma
75
Bouchard nodes are in
proximal IP
76
birefringence of gout
negative, yellow needles when under parallel light
77
Heberden's nodes are in
distal IP
78
gout composition
monosodium urate
79
pseudogout composition
calcium pyrophosphate
80
heart finding associated with ankylosing spondylitis
aortic regurgitation
81
antibody that represents poor prognosis in SLE
anti-dsDNA means renal disease
82
antibody in MCTD
anti-U1 RNP
83
lupus pernio
skin lesions on face resembling lupus, seen in sarcoid
84
Schaumann bodies
calcium + protein in Langerhans cells. a finding in sarcoid
85
finding on bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoid
elevated CD4+/CD8+ ratio
86
CK in PMR is [normal/elevated]
normal
87
antibodies polymyositis/dermatitis
anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2
88
antibody diffuse scleroderma
anti-Scl-70
89
antibody limited scleroderma (CREST)
anti-centromere
90
name the skin layers from out to in
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
91
what are the proteins in tight junctions
claudins and occludins
92
proteins in adherens junction
cadherins
93
a disease with hypergranulosis
lichen planus
94
a disease with acanthosis
```
(epidermal hyperplasia, spinosum) acanthosis nigricans
also psoriasis (spinosum gets larger, granulosum shrinks)
```
95
types of lesions in lesser-trelat
seborrheic keratosis
96
cause of bacillary angiomatosis
bartonella henselae
97
cause of kaposi sarcoma
HHV8
98
disease associated with cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
99
MCC impetigo
s pyogenes or s aureus
100
MCC bullous impetigo
s aureus
101
MCC erysipelas
s pygones
102
area of skin lysed in staph scaled skin syndrome
stratum granulosum
103
area of skin lysed in TEN
epidermal-dermal junction
104
Wickham striae
reticular white lines in mucosa. seen with lichen planus
105
disease association with lichen planus
HCV
106
disease that has a herald patch followed by scaly erythematous plaques in christmas tree distribution
pityriasis rosea
107
acanthosis, sawtooth dermal-epidermal junction with band of lymphocytic infiltrate seen in
lichen planus
108
skin cancer with palisading nuclei
BCC
109
keratoacanthoma is a variant of which skin cancer
SCC. grows rapidly and can regress
110
4 types of melanoma
superficial, nodular, lentigo maligna, acral lentiginous
111
MOA denosumab
mAb vs. RANKL
112
what part of arachidonic pathway do steroids block
blocks phospholipase A2 and blocks NF-kappa-B (which is a COX2 activator)
113
MOA zileuton
blocks 5-lipoxyganse to prevent leukotriene formation
114
MOA montelukast, zafirlukast
block CysLT1 receptor
note: montelukast is singulair
115
celecoxib MOA
COX-2 blocker only
116
MOA leflunomide
reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to prevent pyrimidine syntehsis
117
MOA teriparatide
recombinant PTH, incudes formation in pulsatile administration for osteoporosis treatment
118
AE teriparatide
causes transient hypercalcemia
119
class of drugs: "-dronate"
bisphosphonates
120
MOA and use pegloticase
uricase to metabolize uric acid into allantoin. used for gout
121
why is aspirin not used in gout?
salicylates impair uric acid clearance
122
which drug is like allopurinol
febuxostat
123
class of drugs: adalimumab
TNF-alpha inhibitor similar to infliximab
124
MOA and use rasburicase
uricase simialr to pegloticase, but used to prevent tumor lysis syndrome
125
alprostdil: analog of, and use
PGE1, erectile dysfunction and to maintain PDA
126
misoprostol: analog of, and use
PGE1, prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers, abortifacient
127
Latanoprost: analog of, and use
PGF2-alpha, treatment of chronic glaucoma
128
dinoprostone and carboprost: analogs of, and use
D: PGE2, C: PGF2-alpha
| abortifacient, ripening of cervix for induction of labor
