Endocrine Study Guide

Question 1

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 1

It regulates long term processes

Question 2

What are the two hormone groups?

Answer 2

Amino acid derivatives and steroid based

Question 3

What receptor type do amino acids have?

Answer 3

Membrane

Question 4

What receptor type do steroids have?

Answer 4

Intracellular

Question 5

What are the hypothalamus’s hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 5

TRH and pituitary, GnRH and pituitary, Oxytocin and uterine wall, ADH and kidneys + blood vessels

Question 6

What are the anterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 6

TSH and thyroid + gonad, GH and muscles + bone, PRL and gonads, ACTH and adrenal cortex, LH and genitals, FSH and genitals

Question 7

What are the posterior pituitary hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 7

Oxytocin and anterior lobe, and ADH and anterior lobe

Question 8

What are the thyroid hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 8

T3/T4 and goiters/ most organs, and Calcitonin and kidneys/blood/bone

Question 9

What are the hypothalamus hormones?

Answer 9

TRH, GnRH, Oxytocin, and ADH

Question 10

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 10

TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH, LH, and FSH

Question 11

What is the parathyroid gland hormone and what does it affect?

Answer 11

Parathyroid hormone and blood + bone

Question 12

What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 12

Aldosterone and kidneys, cortisol and liver, and androgens and reproductive organs + adipose

Question 13

What are the adrenal cortex hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 13

E and NE affect many cells

Question 14

What are the pineal gland hormones and what organ do they effect?

Answer 14

Melatonin and most cells

Question 15

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 15

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 16

What are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 16

T3 + T4 and calcitonin

Question 17

What are the adrenal cortex hormones?

Answer 17

Aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

Question 18

What are the adrenal medulla hormones?

Answer 18

E and NE

Question 19

What are the pineal gland hormones?

Answer 19

Melatonin

Question 20

Where is the pituitary gland and what does it do_

Answer 20

It hangs inferior to the hypothalamus and it´s blood vessels link two capillary networks. Also, it releases 9 important AA hormones.

Question 21

What does the hypothalamus do and where is it?

Answer 21

It’s in the brain and it integrates the nervous and endocrine systems. Secretes regulatory hormones.

Question 22

Where are the thyroid capillaries and what do they do?

Answer 22

They’re around the thyroid follicles and thyroid hormones affect most cells. Essential for childhood growth.

Question 23

What do the parathyroid glands do?

Answer 23

They control osteoclasts

Question 24

What do the adrenal glands do and where are they?

Answer 24

They’re on top of the kidneys and they create steroid hormones

Question 25

What does the pineal gland control?

Answer 25

Sleep and puberty

Question 26

What causes pituitary dwarfism?

Answer 26

The underproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary

Question 27

What causes giganticism?

Answer 27

The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary

Question 28

What causes acromegaly?

Answer 28

The overproduction of GH by the anterior pituitary, often because of tumors

Question 29

What causes Addison's disease?

Answer 29

The underproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary

Question 30

What causes Cushing's disease?

Answer 30

The overproduction of ACTH by the anterior pituitary

Question 31

What causes goiter?

Answer 31

The overproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid

Question 32

What causes Grave's disease?

Answer 32

The underproduction of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland

Question 33

What causes cretinism?

Answer 33

A congenital deficiency in T3 and T4 by the thyroid

Question 34

What causes aldosteronism?

Answer 34

The overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands

Question 35

What causes hypothyroidism?

Answer 35

The underproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland

Question 36

What causes hyperthyroidism?

Answer 36

The overproduction of TRH by the pituitary gland.

Question 37

What causes diabetes mellitus?

Answer 37

The underproduction of insulin by the pancreatic islets

Question 38

What causes diabetes insipidus?

Answer 38

The overproduction* of ADH by the hypothalamus

Question 39

What does T3/T4 do?

Answer 39

It increases metabolism

Question 40

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 40

It changes blood calcium concentration

Question 41

What does PTH do?

Answer 41

It prevents osteoclasts from breaking down bone

Question 42

What do mineralcorticoids do?

Answer 42

They regulate electrolyte concentration

Question 43

What do glucocorticoids?

Answer 43

It affects glucose metabolism, and protein and fat

Question 44

What do androgens do?

Answer 44

It causes the female sex drive and the development of sex organs

Question 45

What do E and NE do?

Answer 45

They cause the fight or flight instinct/ adrenaline

Question 46

What does melatonin do?

Answer 46

It determines when puberty happens and when you sleep

Question 47

What does TRH do?

Answer 47

It causes TSH to be released

Question 48

What does GnRH do?

Answer 48

It causes FSH and SH to be released

Question 49

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 49

It helps with labor and the production of milk

Question 50

What does ADH do?

Answer 50

It decreases urine formation, and is released when you're dehydrated

Question 51

What does TSH do?

Answer 51

It increases thyroid hormone production

Question 52

What does GH do?

Answer 52

It causes muscle, bone, and adipose tissue growth and promotes protein synthesis

Question 53

What does PRL do?

Answer 53

It increases lactin production and the sensitivity of the gonads to LH

Question 54

What does ACTH do?

Answer 54

It helps you respond to stimuli, affects glucose metabolism, and alter aldosterone secretion

Question 55

What does LH do?

Answer 55

It causes ovulation in females and androgen formation in males

Question 56

What does FSH do?

Answer 56

It promotes the development of estrogen in females and sperm in males

Question 57

What does insulin do?

Answer 57

It helps your body absorb sugar

Question 58

What does glucagon do?

Answer 58

It causes your body to release glucose