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High School Anatomy > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes

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2
Q

What are the four lymphoid organs/tissues?

A

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, and other scattered tissues

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3
Q

Where is the thymus?

A

Above the heart

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4
Q

What are lymphatics?

A

The system of drainage vessels that collect fluid

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5
Q

What do lymphatics collect drainage from?

A

Capillary leakage

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6
Q

What collects capillary leakage?

A

Lymphatics

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7
Q

What returns fluid to the bloodstream?

A

Lymphatics

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8
Q

What do lymphatics return?

A

Fluid to the bloodstream

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9
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels lie?

A

In loose connective tissues

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10
Q

What lies in loose connective tissues?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Where ARENT lymphatic vessels located?

A

The CNS or bones

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?

A

Endothelial cells overlap and collagen filaments anchor cells

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13
Q

What do endothelial cells do?

A

They overlap loosely from minivalves

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14
Q

What overlaps loosely from minivalves?

A

Endothelial cells

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15
Q

What do collagen filaments do?

A

They anchor cells to the surrounding tissues

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16
Q

What does anchoring cells to the surrounding tissues accomplish?

A

It prevents collapse, and changes in fluid volume open and close the valves

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17
Q

What anchors cells to the surrounding tissues?

A

Collagen filaments

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18
Q

What opens and closes valves?

A

Changes in fluid volume

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19
Q

What prevents collapse?

A

Anchoring cells to their surrounding tissues

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20
Q

What do specialized lacteals do?

A

They collect fatty lymph from digestive mucosa

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21
Q

What collects fatty lymph from digestive mucosa?

A

Specialized lacteals

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22
Q

Where do lacteals collect fatty lymph from?

A

Digestive mucosa

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23
Q

What collects fatty lymph?

A

Lacteals

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24
Q

What is the lymph in the digestive mucosa called?

A

Chyle

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25
What is chyle?
The lymph in the digestive mucosa
26
What happens to the lymph in the digestive mucosa after it's collected?
It's returned to the blood like other lymph
27
How does vessel structure work?
It starts small and gets bigger
28
Is lymph transported with a pump?
No, there's no pump
29
What is lymph transport similar to?
Venous transport
30
Where is lymph transported?
In deep vessels
31
Where do deep vessels lie?
Alongside arteries
32
What lies alongside arteries?
Deep vessels
33
What helps move lymph?
Pulsing
34
What does pulsing do?
It helps move lymph
35
About how much lymph is pumped in a day?
3 liters
36
What increases lymphatic movement?
Exercising and movement
37
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
38
What do T cells do?
They manage immune response
39
What manages immune response?
T cells
40
What do B cells do?
They produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies
41
What produces plasma cells that secrete antibodies?
B cells
42
What does plasma produced by the B cells secrete?
Antibodies
43
What are the four types of lymphoid cells?
Lymphocytes, macrophages, dendrites, and reticular
44
Describe macrophages
They're phagocytic and activate T cells
45
What activates T cells?
Macrophages
46
What do dendrites do?
They capture antigens and take them to lymph nodes
47
What captures antigens and takes them to lymph nodes?
Dendrites
48
Where do dendrites take antigens?
To the lymph nodes
49
What is taken by the dendrites to the lymph nodes?
Antigens
50
What do reticular cells do?
They produce stroma that supports other cells types
51
What do reticular cells produce?
Stroma
52
What does stroma do?
It supports other cell types
53
What supports other cells types?
Stroma
54
What is the principal lymphoid organ?
Lymph nodes
55
What do lymph nodes do?
They filter to destroy micro organisms and something else
56
Where are lymph nodes found?
In clusters near the axillary and cervical regions and where ??
57
How long are nodes?
One inch
58
What do nodes have?
A fibrous capsule, a cortex, and medulla
59
What divides nodes into compartments?
Trabeculae
60
What do trabeculae do?
They divide nodes into compartments
61
What order does lymph move in?
Affterent lymphatic vessels, subcapsular sinus, hilum, and efferent
62
What is the largest lymphoid organ?
The spleen
63
What does the spleen have?
A splenic artery and vein
64
What does the spleen do?
It's a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses
65
What is a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses?
The spleen
66
What does the thymus do?
It's the site for T lymphocyte maturation
67
When is the thymus most active?
During the first year of life, then it atrophied
68
What is the most active during the first year of life?
The thymus
69
What do the thymus lobules do?
They regulate T cell development and prevent autoimmune responses
70
What regulates T cell development and prevents autoimmune responses?
The thymus lobules
71
What doesn't directly fight infection?
The thymus
72
What has a blood barrier?
The thymus has a blood-thymus barrier
73
What are the different tonsils?
Palentine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tubal
74
What do tonsillitis crypts do?
They're an infection invitation that keep it from spreading to the whole body
75
What are the aggregates of lymphoid follicles?
Peyer's patches and MALT
76
Where are Peyer's patches?
In the distal portion of the small ingestion
77
What is located in the distal portion of the small intestine?
Peyer's patches
78
What is similar in structure to tonsils?
Peyer's patches
79
Where else can Peyer's patches be found besides the main location?
In the appendix
80
What are Peyer's patches similar in structure to?
Tonsils

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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