Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

High School Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aortic semilunar ventricular valves between?

A

The left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the pulmonary semilunar ventricular valve separate?

A

The right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the thickest part of the heart?

A

The left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when the bicuspid ventricle is open?

A

The aortic semilunar ventricle is closed, tension on the chordae of low, and blood flows from the LA to the LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the order in which blood flows?

A

Right a, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary semi, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary vein, left a, bicuspid, left v, aortic semi, aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the heart?

A

Route blood, generate blood pressure, ensure one-way blood flow, and regulate blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How big is the heart?

A

Slightly larger than a closed fist and less than 1 pound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the thoracic cavity (mediastinum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the heart between?

A

The 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the orientation of the heart?

A

The apex is inferior and it’s overall left and anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A double-layered closed sac surrounding the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the double-layered closed sac surrounding the heart?

A

The pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parietal pericardium?

A

The outside layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the outside layer of the heart?

A

The parietal pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the visceral pericardium?

A

It covers the hearts surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What covers the heart’s surface?

A

The visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

The space surrounding the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What forms the pericardial cavity?

A

The visceral and parietal pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the visceral and parietal pericardium form?

A

The pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 coverings of the heart?

A

The pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, and the pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart? (Superficial to deep)

A

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

The membrane forming the smooth outer surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of cells is the epicardium?

A

Simple squamous tissue over fat/connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the outer layer of the heart called?

A

Visceral serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What layer forms the smooth outer surface of the heart?
The epicardium
26
What is the myocardium?
The thick middle layer of the heart
27
What does the myocardium do?
It makes the heart able to contract via cardiac muscle
28
What layer allows the heart to contract?
The myocardium
29
What is the endocardium?
The inner surface of the heart chambers
30
What layer forms the thick middle layer of the heart?
Myocardium
31
What is the inner surface of the hearts chambers called?
The endocardium
32
What allows blood to flow easily through the heart?
The endocardium
33
What does the endocardium do?
It allows blood to flow easily through the heart
34
Describe cardiac muscle
It has 1 nucleus, its striated, and has lots of mitochondria
35
What type of disks does cardiac muscle have?
It has intercalated disks
36
What are intercalated disks?
Cell-to-cell contacts binding cells, and it's folded to increase surface area
37
What does cardiac muscle contain?
It contains gap junctions
38
What do gap junctions do?
It reduces electrical resistance between cells, allowing both action potentials to pass easily and cells to contract in unison
39
What allows cells to contract in unison?
Gap junctions
40
What are the 3 phases of action potentials?
Depolarization, plateau, and repolarization
41
What causes action potentials?
Changes in membrane channel permeability
42
What do changes in membrane permeability cause?
Action potentials
43
What are changes in membrane channel permeability called?
Pacemaker potential
44
What is pacemaker potential?
Changes in membrane channel permeability
45
What happens during depolarization?
Na+ channels open briefly, then rapidly. K+ channels are closed and Ca+2 channels begin to open.
46
What happens during the plateau phase?
Na+ channels are closed, few K+ channels are open, slow Ca+2 channels remain open
47
What happens during the repolarization phase?
Voltage-gated Na+ channels remain closed, K+ channels are open, Ca+2 channels are closed.
48
When are Na+ channels open?
During depolarization
49
When are K+ channels partially or totally open?
K+ is partially open during plateau and fully open during repolarization
50
When are Ca+ channels open?
They open during depolarization and remain open during plateau
51
How long do cardiac action potentials take?
200 milliseconds
52
What prolongs cardiac action potentials?
The plateau phase prolongs it by keeping Ca+2 channels open
53
What do cardiac muscle cells coordinate?
The contraction of atria and ventricles
54
What causes the contraction of atria and ventricles?
The coordination of cardiac muscle cells in the wall of the heart
55
Where are cells that coordinate contraction located?
In the wall of the heart
56
What is the SA node?
The pacemaker of the heart
57
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
The SA node
58
What does the SA node do?
It initiates action potentials
59
What do action potentials caused by the SA node do?
They cause the contraction of atria
60
What causes the contraction of atria?
The action potentials caused by the SA node
61
What is the party of action potentials through the heart?
SA node, to AV node, to AV bundles, to left and right bundle branches, to purkinji fibers
62
Where are purkinji fibers located?
In the ventricles
63
What's in the ventricles?
Purkinji fibers
64
Where does the action potential go from the SA node?
The AV node
65
Where does the action potential go from the AV node?
AV bundles
66
What are the two main parts of the cardiac cycle?
The atria and ventricles
67
Where is the atria?
On the top
68
Where are the ventricles?
On the bottom
69
What do cardiac muscle contractions do?
They produce pressure changes in the heart chambers, moving the blood
70
What does atrial systole do?
It contracts the atria and forces blood into the ventricles
71
What does systole mean?
Contraction
72
What does diastole mean?
Relaxation
73
What forces blood into the ventricles?
Atrial systole
74
What does ventricular systole do?
It forces blood out of the heart
75
What forces blood out of the heart?
Ventricular systole
76
What does atrial diastole do?
It fills with blood from the vena cava
77
What causes the atria to be filled wth blood from the vena cava?
Atrial diastole
78
What does ventricular diastole do?
It causes the ventricles to fill with blood from the atria
79
What causes the ventricles to fill with blood from the atria?
Ventricular diastole
80
What is stroke volume?
The volume of the blood pumped per ventricle with each heart contraction
81
What is the name for the volume of blood pumped with each heart contraction?
Stroke volume
82
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped by either ventricular each minute
83
What is the formula for cardiac output?
CO = SV x HR
84
What is the volume pumped by either ventricle each minute called?
Cardiac output
85
What regulates heart rate?
The automatic nervous system and chemical regulation
86
What does chemical regulation do?
It regulates hormones and ions to keep your heart rate normal
87
What does the automatic nervous system do for the heart?
It responds to emotional and physical stressors
88
What are the symptoms of a CO imbalance?
Coronary artherosclerosis, persistent high blood pressure, multiple MI, and dismayed cardiomyopathy
89
What is persistent high BP a symptom of?
A CO imbalance
90
What are the three tunics of the lumen called?
Tunica intima, media, and externa
91
What makes up the tunica intima?
Squamous tissue
92
What makes up the tunica media?
Mostly smooth muscle
93
What makes up the tunica externa?
Colleges fibers
94
What is made up of squamous tissue?
Tunica intima
95
What is made up of mostly smooth muscle?
Tunica media
96
What is made up of collagen fibers?
Tunica externa
97
What are the two types of arteries?
Elastic and muscular
98
What do elastic arteries do?
They absorb some of the pressure from the heart
99
Where are elastic arteries located?
Near the heart
100
What is a characteristic of elastic arteries?
They have no significant amount of dilation or construction
101
What has no significant amount of dilation and constriction?
Elastic arteries
102
What do muscular arteries do?
They deliver blood to specific organs
103
What delivers blood to specific organs?
Muscular arteries
104
What has a thick tunica media?
Muscular arteries
105
What do muscular arteries have?
A thick tunica media
106
What affects the arterioles flow?
Vaso events

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions