Urinary system

Question 1

Define vasodilation

Answer 1

The enlargement of blood vessel diameter

Question 2

Define vasoconstriction

Answer 2

The decreasing of blood vessel diameter

Question 3

What is the enlargement of blood vessel diameter called?

Answer 3

Vasodilation

Question 4

Define diffusion

Answer 4

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 5

What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration called?

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

What is the diffusion of water called?

Answer 6

Osmosis

Question 7

Define osmosis

Answer 7

The diffusion of water

Question 8

What are the components of the urinary system?

Answer 8

2 kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 9

How much filtrate do kidneys produce on a daily basis?

Answer 9

180 L

Question 10

What makes up urine?

Answer 10

Water, ions, metabolic waste, toxins

Question 11

What are the three steps of the urinary system?

Answer 11

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 12

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 12

The outer portion of the kidney that contains the majority of nephrons

Question 13

What contains the majority of nephrons in the kidney?

Answer 13

The renal cortex

Question 14

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

Answer 14

The renal cortex

Question 15

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 15

It’s the inner portion of the kidney that has pyramids and surrounding tissues

Question 16

What are the pyramids of the kidney?

Answer 16

They’re part of the renal medulla and made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries

Question 17

What’s made up of parallel bundles of tubes and capillaries?

Answer 17

Pyramids of the kidney

Question 18

What is the interior portion of the kidney called?

Answer 18

Renal medulla

Question 19

What makes up a lobe of the kidney?

Answer 19

The pyramid and its’ surrounding cortical tissue

Question 20

What are the two types of renal calyces?

Answer 20

Minor and major

Question 21

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 21

A funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter

Question 22

Where does the renal pelvis of the kidney go to and what shape is it?

Answer 22

It’s funnel-shaped towards the ureter

Question 23

What makes up the renal pelvis?

Answer 23

A confluence of calyces

Question 24

What’s the name for the funnel-shaped confluence of calyces going towards the ureter?

Answer 24

The renal pelvis

Question 25

How many nephrons are there in one kidney?

Answer 25

Over a million

Question 26

What contains over a million nephrons?

Answer 26

A kidney

Question 27

What are the three tubules?

Answer 27

Proximal convoluted, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted

Question 28

Where do nephrons/ tubules empty in?

Answer 28

A collecting duct that forms a filtrate that's further modified into urine

Question 29

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 29

Cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 30

What are juxtameduallary and cortical types of?

Answer 30

They're the two types of nephrons

Question 31

What makes up 85% of nephrons?

Answer 31

Cortical

Question 32

Describe cortical nephrons

Answer 32

They're shorter, more winding, and found in pertibullar capillaries

Question 33

What type of nephron is shorter and more winding?

Answer 33

Cortical

Question 34

What type of nephron is longer and less winding?

Answer 34

Juxtamedullary

Question 35

What does the juxtamedullary nephron do?

Answer 35

It makes concentrated urine

Question 36

What forms concentrated urine?

Answer 36

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 37

Describe juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 37

They're longer, less winding, and extend much further into the medulla

Question 38

Juxtamedullary or cortical: which extends much further into the medulla?

Answer 38

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 39

What type of nephron has to do with the vasa texts?

Answer 39

Juxtamedullary

Question 40

What feature of the kidney has a large surface area?

Answer 40

The filtration membrane

Question 41

What is one thousand times more permeable than other capillary beds?

Answer 41

The filtration membrane

Question 42

Describe the filtration membrane

Answer 42

It's one thousand times more permeable to water/dilutes than other capillary beds

Question 43

What are the two sections of the filtration membrane?

Answer 43

Fenestrated capillary and basement membrane

Question 44

Describe the fenestrated capillary

Answer 44

A part of the filtration membrane that's holey so many materials can leak out

Question 45

Which part of the filtration membrane is holey so many materials can leak out?

Answer 45

The fenestrated capillary

Question 46

What does the basement membrane do?

Answer 46

It's part of the filtration membrane that holds back most proteins

Question 47

What keeps proteins from getting into the urine?

Answer 47

The negative charge of the basement membrane

Question 48

What are podocytes?

Answer 48

The visceral layer of glomular capsules that have filtration slits

Question 49

What has filtration slits?

Answer 49

Podocytes

Question 50

Name a layer of the glomular capsule

Answer 50

The visceral layer = podocytes