Evolution

Question 1

biological evolution

Answer 1

change in population/species and their alleles over time

• common chemistry bc of common ancestor
• adaptation
• natural selection

Question 2

Darwin’s theory: variation

Answer 2

heritable variation for selection to act upon

Question 3

Darwin’s theory: competition

Answer 3

finite resources (food/mates/shelters) -> competition

Question 4

Darwin’s theory: adaptation

Answer 4

unchanged environment + heritable variants -> advantage for future generations to adapt those traits

Question 5

4 forms of evidence supporting theory of evolution by common descent

Answer 5

• fossils
• biogeographical
• anatomical
• biochemical

Question 6

fossils form in ___ (___) through sedimentation. ____ at the bottome

Answer 6

• strata (layers)

- oldest

Question 7

transitional fossils

Answer 7

characteristics of two different groups

- eg archaeopteryx (dinosaurs -> birds)

Question 8

biogeographical evidence

Answer 8

• Galapagos finches
  (adapted beaks)
• Australia’s marsupials

Question 9

anatomical evidence (3)

Answer 9

• homologous structures: common ancestor
• analogous: same function, different structure
• vestigial: anatomical features developed in one set of organisms but reduced in another (eg tailbone)