Flashcards in Exam 1, lecture slides Unrein Deck (40):
1
What lead do you look for atrial hypertrophy and what does it look like
V1
diphasic p wave, if first part is larger than R hypertrophy
or single p wave bigger than 2.5mm
2
what leads can also suggest R atrial hypertrophy
II III aVF p waves greater than 2.5 mm height
3
What are signs of left ventricular hypertrophy
>35 mm after adding V1 and V5 together
LAD sometimes
4
what does strain pattern look like on EKG
elevated ST
5
what does R ventricular hypertrophy look like
High R wave in V1-V4 that gets progressively smaller
6
What can a widened QRS complex signify?
BBB
7
which BBB can you NOT Dx a acute MI with
LBB
8
Which BBB can have an anterior or posterior fascicle and how do you know
LBBB
anterior is with LAD
posterior with RAD
9
what do symmetrically inverted T waves mean
ischemia
10
ST depression from ischemia occurs with what scenarios
subendocardial infarction, angina, stress tests
11
Acute ST segment elevation could mean what
transmural infarction
12
What are signs of myocardial necrosis
Q waves, deeper than 1/3 QRS depth. >0.04 Q width
13
What are signs of an inferior MI
elevated ST in II III and aVF
14
what are signs of an anterior MI
V1-V4
15
what are signs of a lateral MI
I, aVL, V5-6
16
what are signs of posterior MI
V1, V2 has a tall R wave and ST depression
17
An ST depression in V1 and V2 means what
Posterior MI
18
What are signs of hyperkalemia
flattened/widened P waves
Widened QRS
Peaked T waves
19
what are sings of hypokalemia
flattened T waves
prominent U waves
20
what are signs of hypercalcemia
shortened QT interval
widened T wave
21
what is the normal PR interval
.2 mm (one small box)
22
what is normal QRS duration
.12
23
What are sings of hypocalcemia
prolonged QT interval
flattened T wave
24
how does hypothermia appear on EKG
severe sinus bradycardia
prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex
prolonged QT interval
**extra deflection at end of QRS
25
How do you differentiate eleavated STs from MI and pericarditis
pericarditis has elevated ST in all leads
pericarditis also has PR depression
26
What does the term paced rhythm mean?
sharp depolarizations
unable to interpret anything beyond that it is a paced rhythm
can be atrial, ventricular or AV sequential
27
What are signs of brugada syndrome
EKG with RBBB and persistent ST segment elevation V1-V3
28
what is the normal length of Bazetts formula
0.44 seconds
29
What does a ventricular rhythm look like
no p waves
wide QRS complexes
30
what are bigeminal, trigeminal or quadrigeminal beats
series-pattern of ectopic depolarizations
either atrial or ventricular in origin
31
narrow QRS complexes are indicative of what
supraventricular rhythms
32
If all P waves are different shapes with irregular ventricular rhythm what is beat
wandering pacemaker
33
how do you differentiate atrial fibrillation and flutter
flutter has more of a rhythm
34
what are delta waves found in
wolf parkinson white
35
normal rhythm but with a prolonged PR interval consistently signifies what type rhythm
first degree AV block
36
if you see p waves without QRS complex what could it be
Type I- wenckebach second degree block
Type II mobtiz second degree block
37
what is a wenckebach pattern
progressively prolonged PR intervals with subsequent dropped beat
38
What is mobtiz second degree block
normal PR interval with a widened QRS
2 p waves one response, 3 p waves one response
39
vagal maneuvers help clear up what type of second degree block
mobitz
40