Flashcards in Exam 3, HF, myocarditis, Pales Deck (62)
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1
Definition of CHD
syndrome with abnormality of cardiac structure or function is responsible for inability of heart to eject or fill with blood at a rate sufficient to meet demands
2
What are the systolic components of HF
myocardial function
preload (EDV)
afterload
HR
3
What are the diastolic components of HF
impaired relaxation
impaired compliance- stiff
4
What is high output failure HF
normal heart function
increased metabolic demand, increased peripheral blood flow from decreased PVR
5
What causes systolic HF
inadequate CO/EF
6
how do you calculate EF
SV/EDV
7
What causes Diastolic HF
inability of ventricles to relax and fill normally with blood during diastole
8
What is forward HF
decrease in perfusion of the organs/tissues down-stream from the heart
9
What is backward failure
backing up blood into organs upstream, increasing hydrostatic P, leading to congestion/edema
10
What is L HF
caused by conditions affecting L ventricle
CAD/ MI
aortic/mitral valve problems
HTN
cardiomyopathies
forward failure Sx in systemic circulation (downstream)
backward Sx in lungs
11
What is R HF
caused by conditions primarily affecting R ventricle
pulmonary diseases/ cor pulmonale
tricuspid/ pulmonary valves
pulmonary HTN
pulmonary emboli
backward failure symptoms in systemic circulation
12
what is biventricular failure
end result of L and R failure
13
What causes acute HF
massive MI, chorda tendinae rupture
Large PE
predominately forward failure
14
what causes chronic HF
progresses slowly
exacerbation
predominately backward failure
15
What are 3 main causes of HF
L heart
R Heart
High output
16
What can cause high output HF
metabolic disorders: thyrotoxicosis
Excessive blood flow: anemia, AV fistula, beriberi
17
What are causes of diastolic HF
chronic HTN, Hypertrophic CMP, restrictive CMP, ischemic fibrosis, pericardial diseases
18
what are causes of R HF
Cor pulmonale, pulm art HTN
19
What are causes of systolic HF
decreased contractility, icn preload, inc afterload, change in HR
20
CAD or MI will lead to what changes in the heart
dilated CM
21
how can HTN lead to dilated cardiomyopathy
HTN causes left ventricular Hypertrophy causing diastolic dysfunction and then ventricular dilation so systolic dysfunction
22
how does valvular Heart disease lead to dilated CM
regurg, increase EDV, preload, increase worklooad, hypertrophy, dilation, systolic dysfunction
23
What changes occur in heart from infective myocarditis
dilated cardiomyopathy
can be viral, bacerial fungal or helminthic
24
What are types of non-infective myocarditis
toxic: chemo, metals, lithium, malaria, radiation causing inflammation and fibrosis
autoimmune/CTD assoc myocarditis: giant cell myocarditis PM/DM, SLE/RA
25
What are the affects of cocaine on myocardium
may cause vasospasm leading to MI
arrhythmia
myocarditis/cardiomyopathy from released catecholamines
26
when can peripartum cardiomyopathy occur
between last mo of pregnancy and first 5 mo after delivery
27
What is takosubo cardiomyopathy
stress, apical ballooning or broken heart
28
what ar Sx of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
CP, SOB, syncope
29
what gene mutations can cause genetic HCM
myosin heavy chains
proteins regulating Ca handling
autosomal dominant
30
