Graafian follicles
small sacks in the ovaries from which the eggs derive. These structures rupture to release the egg (this rupture is called ovulation)
corpus luteum
empty egg follicle that releases estrogen and progesterone. Degenerates at the end of the cycle.
Fallopian tubes
joins the ovary to the uterus
fimbriae
fingerlike projection in the Fallopian tube that propel the egg to the uterus
fundus
the topmost part of the uterus
body
the middle of the uterus
cervix
the lower part or “neck” of the uterus
Bartholin glands
lubricate the vagina during sexual excitement
tunica uterus
thin membrane surrounding the uterus
lobules
milk producing glands. There are generally 15 to 20 of them per breast
lactiferous duct
the duct that takes the milk from the breast to the surface for lactation
menarche
the first menstrual cycle of a woman
cycle step: menstrual
days 1 to 5. The endometrium sloughs off
cycle step: ovulatory
days 6 to 14. Endometrium thickens, ova mature and ovum released
cycle step: postovulatory
days 15 to 28. Hormones secreted by corpus luteum stimulate
amenorrhea
the year long time without a menstrual cycle that marks the start of menopause
amni/o
combining form for the amniotic sac
colp/o
combining form of vagina
galact/o
(1 of 2) combining form of milk
lact/o
(1 of 2) combining form of milk
gynec/o
combining form for woman
metri/o
combining form of uterus
mast/o
combining form of breast
men/o
combining form of menstruation
metr/o
combining form meaning either uterus or measurement
oophor/o
combining form of ovary
perine/o
combining form of the perineum
salping/o
combining form of Fallopian tube
-arche
suffix for beginning
-cyesis
suffix for pregnancy
-gravita
suffix for pregnant woman
-para
suffix for “to bear offspring” but is usually used to describe the number of successful births
-salpinx
suffix for the Fallopian tube
-tocia
suffix for childbirth or labor
-version
suffix for twisting or turning
ante-
prefix meaning “with difficulty”
primi-
prefix meaning “first”
dysmenorrhea
painful mentstrual cycles
metrorrhagia
irregular bleeding between menstrual periods
menorrhagia
excessive flow during the menstrual cycle itself
hypermenorrhea
excessive flow during menstrual cycle
endometriosis
functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
candidiasis
a yeast infection
trichomoniasis
vaginal infection caused by a protozoa
nulliparous
a woman who has never born a child
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening (in the female reproductive sense, possibly the absence of a vagina)
choriocarcinoma
malignant neoplasm of the uterus
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
endocervicitis
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix
retroversion
a “turning backwards,” when the uterus slips into the wrong orientation
abrupto placentae
a breaking away of the placenta; a premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor.
breech presentation
the butt or the feet of the fetus present first before the head during birth
eclampsia
blood poisoning during pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy
fertilized ovum implants anywhere other than the uterine lining
placenta previa
when the placenta is attached to or covers the cervical canals.
intrauterine device
birth control device inside the uterus (t shaped oftentimes)
cerclage
when the cervix is sutured to prevent premature dilation during pregnancy
colpocleisis
when the vagina is closed
conization
the taking of a cone-shaped tissue sample
cordocentesis
taking a sample from the umbilical cord for testing
laparoscopy
making an incision and inserting a camera device, rather than going through a body tube
mastectomy
surgical removal of a breast
mammoplasty
surgical repair or reconstruction of the breast
colposcopy
having a look around the vagina
insufflation
introducing air into a structure to help with visuals
pelvimetry
measurement of the pelvis
gestation
length of time from conception to birth
orifice
mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
parturition
another name for “childbirth”
embryo
During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from conception up until the third month
fetus
During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from the third month up until delivery
How many stages does labor occur in? And what are the names of the stages?
Stage 1: Stage of Dilation
Stage 2: Stage of expulsion
Stage 3: Placental Stage (afterbirth)
amenorrhea
the technical term for the absence of menstrual flow
climacteric
the period in a woman’s life when she approaches menopause
vaginal atrophy
the drying and thinning out of the vagina that occurs during menopause
colp/o
one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”
vagin/o
one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”
gynec/o
combining form of “woman” or “female”
hyster/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
metri/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
uter/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
mamm/o
(1 of 2) combining form of “breast”
mast/o
(2 of 2) combining form of “breast”
men/o
combining form of “menses” or “menstruation”
metr/o
combining form of “uterus” specifically “womb”
nat/o
combining form of “birth”
oophor/o
(1 of 2) combining form of “ovary”
ovari/o
(2 of 2) combining form of “ovary”
perine/o
combining form of “perineum”
salping/o
combining form of “tube,” typically Fallopian or eustachian
-arche
suffix for “beginning”
-cyesis
suffix for “pregnancy”
-gravida
suffix for “pregnant woman”
-para
suffix for “to bear (offspring)”
menarche
the beginning of menstruation; the first menstruation
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
multigravida
a woman who has been pregnant more than once
nullipara
a woman who has never produced a viable offspring
hemosalpinx
the condition of blood in the fallopian tube
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina
vaginocele
a vaginal hernia
galactopoiesis
the production of milk
endometrial
pertaining to the lining of the uterus
mastopexy
surgical fixation of the breast
metroptosis
prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus
oophoroma
an ovarian tumor
ovariorrhexis
the rupture of an ovary
perineorrhaphy
surgical repair of the perineum
salpingoplasty
surgical repair of the fallopian tube
-tocia
suffix for “childbirth”
dystocia
difficult childbirth
-version
suffix for “turning”
retroversion
the turning back of an organ
ante-
prefix for “before” or “in front of”
primi-
prefix for “first”
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
multipara
a woman who has born more than one child, regardless of whether or not the child was born alive
primigravida
a woman during her first pregnancy is often referred to as this
obstetrics
the branch of medicine that deals with a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and birth
puerperium
the period of adjustment just after birth when the woman’s reproductive organs return to their original state (lasts about six to eight weeks)
metrorrhagia
irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual cycles
menorrhagia
profuse or prolonged bleeding during regular menstruation
endometriosis
the presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus, sometimes up into the pelvic cavity
pelvic inflammatory disease
the general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or adjacent pelvic structures (typically caused by bacterial infection)
septicemia
bacteria in the blood, or “blood poisoning”
vaginitis
a bacteria or yeast infection localized to the vagina
nulliparous
a woman who has never born a child
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
choriocarcinoma
malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
endocervicitis
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
retroversion
an organ that tips back from its normal position in the body
uterine fibroids
benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
abrupto placentae
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor
breech presentation
common abnormality in delivery where the fetal buttocks or feet present before the head
Down syndrome
birth defect that occurs when a person has 47 chromasomes instead of 46 (there being an extra copy of chromasome 21)
eclampsia
the most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but instead becomes implanted on any other tissue other than the uterine cavity, such as the fallopian tube, ovary, the abdomen, etc
placenta previa
obstetric compilation in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dialates
intrauterine device
a small, typically t-shaped device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
cerclage
suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion
colpocleisis
surgical closure of the vaginal canal
conization
excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as the mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination
cordocentesis
sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance
dilation and curettage
widening of the cervical canal with a dilator scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions of the abdominal wall, usually at the navel
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the tissue that surrounds it
mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast to change its size, shape, or position
mastectomy
excision of an entire breast
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is then passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaped into a natural looking breast
tubal ligation
procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina with an optical magnifying instrument
insufflation
delivery of pressurized gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow for visual examination or extraction
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery
chorionic villus sampling
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
endometrial biopsy
removal of a sample of the uterine endometrium for microscopic study
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained through routine pelvic examination
hysterosalpingography
radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium
mammography
radiographic examination of the breast for breast cancer
oxytocics
used to induce labor at any term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contactions
prostaglandins
medication used to terminate pregnancy, causes the uterus to contract strongly enough to expel a fetus
