Exam 2 - Chapter 6: Digestive System (by definition) Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells to later be excreted in feces (i.e. destroyed red blood cells)
A
bilirubin
2
Q
chewed food ready to be swallowed, but not digested
A
bolus
3
Q
the type of gland that secrets its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
A
exocrine
4
Q
circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
A
sphincter
5
Q
organic compound, a true fat, made from one glycerol and three fatty acids
A
triglycerides
6
Q
another name for the mouth
A
oral cavity
7
Q
cheeks
A
bucca
8
Q
gums in the mouth
A
gingiva
9
Q
a fancy word for swallowing
A
deglutition
10
Q
the technical term for taste buds
A
papillae
11
Q
throat
A
pharynx
12
Q
a small flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing
A
epiglottis
13
Q
sphincter at the top of the stomach that constrict once food has passed into the stomach
A
lower esophageal sphincter
14
Q
the large central portion of the stomach
A
body (of the stomach)
15
Q
the upper portion of the stomach
A
fundus
16
Q
the funnel-shaped end portion of the stomach where most of digestion takes place
A
pylorus
17
Q
folds in the stomach lining that gradually unfold as the stomach fills; also houses HCl glands
A
rugae
18
Q
bolus that’s been mixed with stomach digestive juices
A
chyme
19
Q
ring of fibrous muscle that separates the lower part of the stomach from the small intestine
A
pyloric sphincter
20
Q
coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions that move matter through the digestive tract
A
peristaltis
21
Q
the uppermost part of the small intestines (about 10 inches long)
A
duodenum
22
Q
middle part of the small intestine; measures about 8 feet long
A
jejunum
23
Q
final part of the small intestine before it continues to the large intestine; is about 12 feet long
A
ileum
24
Q
microscopic fingerlike projections in the intestine that absorb nutrients
A
villi
25
muscle at the end of the small intestine that allows undigested and absorbed material from the small intestine to move to the large intestine
ileocecal valve
26
the first 2 or 3 inches of the large intestine
cecum
27
extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver and turns abruptly to form the hepatic flexure
ascending colon
28
structure between the ascending colon and the transverse colon
hepatic flexure
29
area of the large intestine that curves around the spleen and into the descending colon
splenic flexure
30
area of the large intestine where the transverse colon moves downward
descending colon
31
area of the large intestine that connects to the rectum
sigmoid colon
32
final portion of the colon that connects to the anus
rectum
33
gland that secrets directly into the bloodstream
endocrine
34
pathway that the gallbladder secretes bile through into the duodenum
common bile duct
35
composed of two ducts (left and right) that allow bile to be drained from the liver
hepatic duct
36
duct that merges with the hepatic duct
cystic duct
37
mouth (combining form)
or/o
38
mouth (combining form)
stomat/o
39
tongue (combining form)
gloss/o
40
tongue (combining form)
lingu/o
41
check (combining form)
bucc/o
42
lip (combining form)
cheil/o
43
lip (combining form)
labi/o
44
teeth (combining form)
dent/o
45
teeth (combining form)
odont/o
46
gums (combining form)
gingiv/o
47
saliva, salivary gland (combining form)
sial/o
48
esophagus (combining form)
esophag/o
49
pharynx (combining form)
pharyng/o
50
stomach (combining form)
gastr/o
51
pylorus (combining form)
pylor/o
52
duodenum, first part of the small intestine (combining form)
duoden/o
53
intestine (combining form)
enter/o
54
jejunum, second part of the small intestine (combining form)
jejun/o
55
ileum, third part of the small intestine (combining form)
ile/o
56
appendix (combining form)
append/o
57
appendix (combining form)
appendic/o
58
colon (combining form)
col/o
59
colon (combining form)
colon/o
60
sigmoid colon (combining form)
sigmoid/o
61
rectum (combining form)
rect/o
62
anus, rectum (combining form)
proct/o
63
anus (combining form)
an/o
64
liver (combining form)
hepat/o
65
pancreas (combining form)
pancreat/o
66
bile vessel (combining form)
cholangi/o
67
bile, gall (combining form)
chol/e
68
gallbladder (combining form)
cholecyst/o
69
bile duct
choledoch/o
70
through, across (prefix)
dia-
71
around (prefix)
peri-
72
under, below (prefix)
sub-
73
a disease consisting of ulcers on mucous membranes in the stomach, duodenum, and occasionally in the lower esophagus
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
74
chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of the colon, typically taking place in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward (sometimes into the entire colon). Symptoms include watery, bloody diarrhea
Ulcerative Colitis
75
abnormal condition when a piece of intestine protrudes through the muscle wall and has its bloodflow cut off through pressure; gangrene can result
strangulated hernia
76
surgical repair of a hernia
hernioplasty
77
suturing up of a hernia
herniorrhaphy
78
occurs when intestinal contents are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle or barrier that blocks the lumen
(mechanical) intestinal obstruction
79
occurs when peristalsis fails to move digestive content through the intestines
(nonmechanical) intestinal obstruction
80
intestinal twisting
volvolus
81
inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically infectious and transmitted orally, sexually, and through body fluid contact
hepatitis A
82
inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically transmitted via body fluid or sexual contact. There is a vaccine available.
hepatitis B
83
inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically transmitted via body fluid or sexual contact. There is no cure.
hepatitis C
84
small, blisterlike pockets develop in the innermost lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall. Symptoms include abdominal pain, constipation, or sometimes bloody diarrhea
diverticulosis
85
cancerous glandular tumor generally found in the mucosal lining of the stomach or intestines
gastric adenocarcenoma
86
generic term for cancer of the GI tract
Colorectal cancer
87
loss of appetite
anorexia
88
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease
ascites
89
stomach growling
borborygmus
90
physical wasting away typically associated with AIDS and cancer patients
cachexia
91
gallstones in the gallblader or bile duct
cholelithiasis
92
scarring and dysfunction of the liver due to chronic liver disease
cirrhosis
93
spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
colic
94
form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but can be of any part of the intestinal tract. Characterized by inflammatory pattern and cramping, diarrhea, and weight loss
Chron disease
95
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, caused by ingesting contaminated water
dysentery
96
inability or trouble swallowing
dysphagia
97
burping
eructation
98
fecal concretion; fecal matter compressed into a hard stone
fecalith
99
farting
flatus
100
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
101
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
102
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function; contributing factors include anxiety and stress
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
103
passage of dark colored, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by digestive juices
melena
104
severe constipation, sometimes caused by internal obstruction
obstipation
105
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membranes of the lips, cheek, or tongue caused by irritation
oral leukoplakia
106
progressive, wavelike movements of the hollow tubes of the body meant to move contents forward
peristalsis
107
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, causes obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
pyloric stenosis
108
passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
steatorrhea
109
insertion of nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach for a variety of reasons (food, medication, etc)
nasogastric intubation
110
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments; can be ileorectal or intestinal
anastomosis
111
group of procedures meant to treat morbid obesity
bariatric surgery
112
procedure for crushing a stone and removing its fragments, either surgically or through ultrasonic waves
lithotripsy
113
use of shock waves specifically to noninvasively break up stones in the gall bladder or biliary ducts
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
114
incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
115
panel of blood tests to identify which hepatitis virus a patient has
hepatitis panel
116
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
serum bilirubin
117
test that applies a tree extract to fecal matter to detect hidden blood
stool guaiac
118
imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
computed tomography (CT scan)
119
barium enema followed by radiographic images of the rectum and colon
lower gastrointestinal series
120
radiographic images taken of the gallblader after administration of contrast material, typically containing iodine
oral cholecystography (OCG)
121
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
122
radiologic examination of salivary glands and ducts
sialography
123
barium administration followed by radiographic images of the small intestine, sometimes called a barium swallow
upper gastrointestinal series
124
nausea control medication
antiemetics
125
Barium (abbreviation)
Ba (abbreviation)
126
barium enema (abbreviation)
BaE
127
computed tomography (abbreviation)
CT
128
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (abbreviation)
EGD (abbreviation)
129
extracorporeal shock wave
ESWL
130
endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies) (abbreviation)
EUS
131
gastroesophageal reflux disease (abbreviation)
GERD
132
hepatitis A virus (abbreviation)
HAV
133
hepatitis B virus (abbreviation)
HBV
134
hepatitis C virus (abbreviation)
HCV
135
liver function test (abbreviation)
LFT
136
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (abbreviation)
MRCP
137
nasogastric (abbreviation)
NG
138
oral cholecystography (abbreviation)
OCG
139
peptic ulcer disease (abbreviation)
PUD
140
rule out (abbreviation)
R/O
141
upper gastrointestinal tract (abbreviation)
UGIS
142
ultrasound (abbreviation)
US
