Exam 3 - Chapter 11: Urinary system

Question 1

electrolyte

Answer 1

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge when in solution

Question 2

filtrate

Answer 2

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into the Bowman capsule

Question 3

nitrogenous waste

Answer 3

product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

Question 4

peristaltic wave

Answer 4

sequence of rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

Question 5

peritoneum

Answer 5

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

Question 6

plasma

Answer 6

liquid portion of the blood that’s filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolve wastes

Question 7

erythropoietin

Answer 7

hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates the production of red blood cells

Question 8

retroperitoneal

Answer 8

when something exists outside of the peritoneum, such as the kidneys

Question 9

hilum

Answer 9

an opening through which the renal artery enters and the renal vein exits the kidney

Question 10

renal pelvis

Answer 10

the hollow chamber inside the kidney where the ureter merges with the kidney

Question 11

ureteral orifice

Answer 11

area where urine enters the bladder from the ureter

Question 12

rugae

Answer 12

small folds in the bladder that expand when filled

Question 13

trigone

Answer 13

a triangular area at the base of the bladder that denotes the start of the urethra

Question 14

urinary meatus

Answer 14

the urethral opening

Question 15

albumin/o

Answer 15

combining form of “albumin” or “protein”

Question 16

azot/o

Answer 16

combining form of “nitrogenous compounds”

Question 17

bacteri/o

Answer 17

combining form of “bacteria”

Question 18

cyst/o

Answer 18

one of two combining forms of “bladder”

Question 19

vesic/o

Answer 19

one of two combining forms of “bladder”

Question 20

glomerul/o

Answer 20

combining form of “glomerulus,” the wad of capillaries in the Bowman capsule

Question 21

kal/i

Answer 21

combining form of “potassium”

Question 22

keton/o

Answer 22

combining form of “ketone bodies”

Question 23

lith/o

Answer 23

combining form of “stone”

Question 24

meat/o

Answer 24

combining form of “opening” or “meatus”

Question 25

nephr/o

Answer 25

one of two combining form of "kidney"

Question 26

ren/o

Answer 26

one of two combining form of "kidney"

Question 27

noct/o

Answer 27

combining form of "night"

Question 28

olig/o

Answer 28

combining form of "scanty"

Question 29

py/o

Answer 29

combining form of "pus"

Question 30

pyel/o

Answer 30

combining form of "renal pelvis"

Question 31

ur/o

Answer 31

combining form of "urine" or "urinary tract"

Question 32

ureter/o

Answer 32

combining form of "ureter"

Question 33

urethr/o

Answer 33

combining form of "urethra"

Question 34

-gensis

Answer 34

suffix for "forming" or "producing" or "origin"

Question 35

-iasis

Answer 35

suffix for "abnormal condition"

Question 36

-uria

Answer 36

suffix for "urine"

Question 37

dia-

Answer 37

prefix for "through" or "across"

Question 38

retro

Answer 38

prefix for "backward" or "behind"

Question 39

nephritis

Answer 39

infection or swelling of the kidney

Question 40

pyelonephritis

Answer 40

kidney infection

Question 41

dysuria

Answer 41

painful urination

Question 42

nephralgia

Answer 42

pain in the kidneys

Question 43

calculi

Answer 43

another name for stones that form either in the urinary tract or in the kidneys themselves

Question 44

ureterolithiasis

Answer 44

kidney stones lodged in the ureters

Question 45

colic

Answer 45

the intense, throbbing pain of having stones caught in your ureters

Question 46

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Answer 46

removal of a kidney stone through a small incision and a nephroscope into the kidney

Question 47

acute tubular necrosis

Answer 47

when the tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in blood supply or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals

Question 48

oliguria

Answer 48

scanty urine production

Question 49

cystectomy

Answer 49

surgical removal of the bladder

Question 50

intravesical

Answer 50

when something is delivered directly to the bladder

Question 51

anuria

Answer 51

absence of urine production or output

Question 52

bladder neck obstruction

Answer 52

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

Question 53

cytocele

Answer 53

prolapsing or downward placement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina

Question 54

dysuria

Answer 54

painful or difficult urination

Question 55

end-stage renal disease

Answer 55

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant

Question 56

enuresis

Answer 56

involuntary discharge of urine, also called incontinence

Question 57

fistula

Answer 57

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Question 58

hydronephrosis

Answer 58

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction to the urinary tract

Question 59

interstitial cystitis

Answer 59

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

Question 60

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 60

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Question 61

neurogenic bladder

Answer 61

an impairment of bladder function due to a brain or nerve condition

Question 62

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 62

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid calls cysts develop on the kidneys

Question 63

urgency

Answer 63

sensation of needing to void immediately

Question 64

vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 64

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

Question 65

Wilms tumor

Answer 65

Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Question 66

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 66

special form of dialysis where toxic substances are removed from the body by usingg the peritoneal membrane as the filter by flushing the peritoneal cavity with warm, sterile chemical solution

Question 67

nephropexy

Answer 67

Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

Question 68

nephrostomy

Answer 68

passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters refuse to do so

Question 69

stent placement

Answer 69

insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent localized flow due to constriction

Question 70

urethrotomy

Answer 70

incision of a urethral structure

Question 71

electromyography

Answer 71

measures the contraction of the muscles that control urination using electrodes places in the rectum and urethra

Question 72

cystoscopy

Answer 72

examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, biopsies, or other reasons using an endoscope

Question 73

culture and sensitivity

Answer 73

determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics