small sacks in the ovaries from which the eggs derive. These structures rupture to release the egg (this rupture is called ovulation)
Graafian follicles
empty egg follicle that releases estrogen and progesterone. Degenerates at the end of the cycle.
corpus luteum
joins the ovary to the uterus
Fallopian tubes
fingerlike projection in the Fallopian tube that propel the egg to the uterus
fimbriae
the topmost part of the uterus
fundus
the middle of the uterus
body
the lower part or “neck” of the uterus
cervix
lubricate the vagina during sexual excitement
Bartholin glands
thin membrane surrounding the uterus
tunica uterus
milk producing glands. There are generally 15 to 20 of them per breast
lobules
the duct that takes the milk from the breast to the surface for lactation
lactiferous duct
the first menstrual cycle of a woman
menarche
days 1 to 5. The endometrium sloughs off
cycle step: menstrual
days 6 to 14. Endometrium thickens, ova mature and ovum released
cycle step: ovulatory
days 15 to 28. Hormones secreted by corpus luteum stimulate
cycle step: postovulatory
the year long time without a menstrual cycle that marks the start of menopause
amenorrhea
combining form for the amniotic sac
amni/o
combining form of vagina
colp/o
(1 of 2) combining form of milk
galact/o
(1 of 2) combining form of milk
lact/o
combining form for woman
gynec/o
combining form of uterus
metri/o
combining form of breast
mast/o
combining form of menstruation
men/o
combining form meaning either uterus or measurement
metr/o
combining form of ovary
oophor/o
combining form of the perineum
perine/o
combining form of Fallopian tube
salping/o
suffix for beginning
-arche
suffix for pregnancy
-cyesis
suffix for pregnant woman
-gravita
suffix for “to bear offspring” but is usually used to describe the number of successful births
-para
suffix for the Fallopian tube
-salpinx
suffix for childbirth or labor
-tocia
suffix for twisting or turning
-version
prefix meaning “with difficulty”
ante-
prefix meaning “first”
primi-
painful mentstrual cycles
dysmenorrhea
irregular bleeding between menstrual periods
metrorrhagia
excessive flow during the menstrual cycle itself
menorrhagia
excessive flow during menstrual cycle
hypermenorrhea
functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
endometriosis
inflammation of the vagina
vaginitis
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
a yeast infection
candidiasis
vaginal infection caused by a protozoa
trichomoniasis
a woman who has never born a child
nulliparous
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening (in the female reproductive sense, possibly the absence of a vagina)
atresia
malignant neoplasm of the uterus
choriocarcinoma
painful intercourse
dyspareunia
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix
endocervicitis
a “turning backwards,” when the uterus slips into the wrong orientation
retroversion
a breaking away of the placenta; a premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor.
abrupto placentae
the butt or the feet of the fetus present first before the head during birth
breech presentation
blood poisoning during pregnancy
eclampsia
fertilized ovum implants anywhere other than the uterine lining
ectopic pregnancy
when the placenta is attached to or covers the cervical canals.
placenta previa
birth control device inside the uterus (t shaped oftentimes)
intrauterine device
when the cervix is sutured to prevent premature dilation during pregnancy
cerclage
when the vagina is closed
colpocleisis
the taking of a cone-shaped tissue sample
conization
taking a sample from the umbilical cord for testing
cordocentesis
making an incision and inserting a camera device, rather than going through a body tube
laparoscopy
surgical removal of a breast
mastectomy
surgical repair or reconstruction of the breast
mammoplasty
having a look around the vagina
colposcopy
introducing air into a structure to help with visuals
insufflation
measurement of the pelvis
pelvimetry
length of time from conception to birth
gestation
mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
orifice
another name for “childbirth”
parturition
During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from conception up until the third month
embryo
During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from the third month up until delivery
fetus
Stage 1: Stage of DilationStage 2: Stage of expulsionStage 3: Placental Stage (afterbirth)
How many stages does labor occur in? And what are the names of the stages?
the technical term for the absence of menstrual flow
amenorrhea
the period in a woman’s life when she approaches menopause
climacteric
the drying and thinning out of the vagina that occurs during menopause
vaginal atrophy
one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”
colp/o
one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”
vagin/o
combining form of “woman” or “female”
gynec/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
hyster/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
metri/o
one of three combining forms of “uterus”
uter/o
(1 of 2) combining form of “breast”
mamm/o
(2 of 2) combining form of “breast”
mast/o
combining form of “menses” or “menstruation”
men/o
combining form of “uterus” specifically “womb”
metr/o
combining form of “birth”
nat/o
(1 of 2) combining form of “ovary”
oophor/o
(2 of 2) combining form of “ovary”
ovari/o
combining form of “perineum”
perine/o
combining form of “tube,” typically Fallopian or eustachian
salping/o
suffix for “beginning”
-arche
suffix for “pregnancy”
-cyesis
suffix for “pregnant woman”
-gravida
suffix for “to bear (offspring)”
-para
the beginning of menstruation; the first menstruation
menarche
false pregnancy
pseudocyesis
a woman who has been pregnant more than once
multigravida
a woman who has never produced a viable offspring
nullipara
the condition of blood in the fallopian tube
hemosalpinx
visual examination of the vagina
colposcopy
a vaginal hernia
vaginocele
the production of milk
galactopoiesis
pertaining to the lining of the uterus
endometrial
surgical fixation of the breast
mastopexy
prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus
metroptosis
an ovarian tumor
oophoroma
the rupture of an ovary
ovariorrhexis
surgical repair of the perineum
perineorrhaphy
surgical repair of the fallopian tube
salpingoplasty
suffix for “childbirth”
-tocia
difficult childbirth
dystocia
suffix for “turning”
-version
the turning back of an organ
retroversion
prefix for “before” or “in front of”
ante-
prefix for “first”
primi-
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
a woman who has born more than one child, regardless of whether or not the child was born alive
multipara
a woman during her first pregnancy is often referred to as this
primigravida
the branch of medicine that deals with a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and birth
obstetrics
the period of adjustment just after birth when the woman’s reproductive organs return to their original state (lasts about six to eight weeks)
puerperium
irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual cycles
metrorrhagia
profuse or prolonged bleeding during regular menstruation
menorrhagia
the presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus, sometimes up into the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
the general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or adjacent pelvic structures (typically caused by bacterial infection)
pelvic inflammatory disease
bacteria in the blood, or “blood poisoning”
septicemia
a bacteria or yeast infection localized to the vagina
vaginitis
a woman who has never born a child
nulliparous
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
atresia
malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
choriocarcinoma
painful intercourse
dyspareunia
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
endocervicitis
an organ that tips back from its normal position in the body
retroversion
benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
uterine fibroids
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor
abrupto placentae
common abnormality in delivery where the fetal buttocks or feet present before the head
breech presentation
birth defect that occurs when a person has 47 chromasomes instead of 46 (there being an extra copy of chromasome 21)
Down syndrome
the most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
eclampsia
pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but instead becomes implanted on any other tissue other than the uterine cavity, such as the fallopian tube, ovary, the abdomen, etc
ectopic pregnancy
obstetric compilation in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dialates
placenta previa
a small, typically t-shaped device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
intrauterine device
suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion
cerclage
surgical closure of the vaginal canal
colpocleisis
excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as the mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination
conization
sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance
cordocentesis
widening of the cervical canal with a dilator scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
dilation and curettage
visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions of the abdominal wall, usually at the navel
laparoscopy
excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the tissue that surrounds it
lumpectomy
surgical repair of the breast to change its size, shape, or position
mammoplasty
excision of an entire breast
mastectomy
surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is then passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaped into a natural looking breast
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
tubal ligation
visual examination of the vagina with an optical magnifying instrument
colposcopy
delivery of pressurized gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow for visual examination or extraction
insufflation
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery
pelvimetry
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
chorionic villus sampling
removal of a sample of the uterine endometrium for microscopic study
endometrial biopsy
cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained through routine pelvic examination
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium
hysterosalpingography
radiographic examination of the breast for breast cancer
mammography
used to induce labor at any term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contactions
oxytocics
medication used to terminate pregnancy, causes the uterus to contract strongly enough to expel a fetus
prostaglandins
