microscopic hairlike structures in the respiratory system
cilia
to move or spread out at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external force
diffuse
moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, sometimes called mucosa
mucous membrane
a wall dividing two cavities
septum
thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; sometimes called serosa
serous membrane
receptors for the sense of smell
olfactory neurons
the throat
pharynx
one of the three divisions of the pharynx; sits in the posterior of the nose
nasopharynx
one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits in the posterior of the mouth
oropharynx
one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits just above the larynx
laryngopharynx
the pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids
what we commonly know as tonsils; sits in the oropharynx
palantine tonsils
sometimes called the voice box, contains the structures that make vocal sound possible.
larynx
leaf-shaped cartilage and flesh portion of the throat that covers the passage to the lungs while swallowing
epiglottis
the two immediate tubes descending from the trachea and into the lungs
bronchi
bronchi divide into smaller and smaller tubes, eventually becoming these structures
bronchioles
tiny air sacs that sit at the end of the bronchioles, expanding and contracting with the flow of air
alveoli
tiny blood vessels that lie next to the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli
pulmonary capillaries
the space between the right and left lungs, containing the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi
mediastinum
the serous membrane that covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity
pleura
the serous membrane lying closest to the lungs and organs
visceral pleura
the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
a fancy word for “breathing in”
inspiration
a fancy word for breathing
pulmonary ventilation
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capilaries
external respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body cells and the blood cells in systematic capiliaries
internal respiration
combining form of “nose”
nas/o
combining form of “nose”
rhin/o
combining form of “septum”
sept/o
combining form of “sinus”
sinus/o
combining form of “adenoids”
adenoid/o
combining form of “tonsils”
tonsill/o
combining form of “pharynx”
pharyng/o
combining form of “epiglottis”
epiglott/o
combining form of “larynx”
laryng/o
combining form of “trachea”
trache/o
combining form of “bronchi”
bronchi/o
combining form of “bronchiole”
bronchiol/o
combining form of “alveoli”
alveol/o
combining form of “pleura”
pleur/o
combining form of “lung”
pneum/o
combining form of “lung”
pneumon/o
combining form of “lung”
pulmon/o
combining form of “coal” and “coal dust”
anthrac/o
medical term for “black lung”
anthracosis
combining form of “incomplete” or “imperfect”
atel/o
collapsed lung
atelectasis
combining form of “dust”
coni/o
condition of having dust in the lungs
pneumoconiosis
combining form of “blue”
cyan/o
combining form of “lobe”
lob/o
combining form of “straight”
orth/o
combining form of “oxygen”
ox/i or ox/o
combining form of “chest”
pector/o
combining form of “chest”
steth/o
combining form of “chest”
thorac/o
combining form of “diaphram” though also “mind”
phren/o
combining form of “breathe”
spir/o
suffix for “carbon dioxide”
-capnia
term for excessive or above normal carbon dioxide levels
hypercapnia
suffix for “smell”
-osmia
condition where a person cannot smell
anosmia
suffix for “voice”
-phonia
suffix for “breathing”
-pnea
suffix for “spitting”
-ptysis
term for spitting up blood
hemoptysis
suffix for “chest”
-thorax
the medical study of disorders of the respiratory system
pulmonology
any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders
The general classification for any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages
COPD
inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking and air pollution, but can be caused by infection
chronic bronchitis
condition with decreased elasticity of the alveoli, often causing a characteristic “barrel chested” appearance
emphysema
one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; often associated with worldwide epidemics. Extremely contagious
influenza type A
one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; contagious but often geographically limited
influenza type B
one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; very mild and not associated with epidemics
influenza type C
Any abnormal amount of fluid in the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
one of two types of effusions; a noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein that results from an imbalance in venous-arterial pressure
transudate
one of two types of effusions; has high protein and commonly contains blood and immune cells; common causes include tumors, infections, and inflammation
exudate
surgical puncture of the chest, often used to repair a collapsed lung
thoracocentesis
a communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberulosis.
tuberculosis
inflammatory nodules that grow as a side effect of tuberculosis infection
tubercles
inflammatory disease of the lungs; can come from many different causes
penumonia
a hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick mucus; clogs ducts of the pancreas and digestive tract, clogs the lungs and sweat glands
cystic fibrosis
test given to measure the amount of salt excreted in sweat; used to diagnose cystic fibrosis
sweat test
acute respiratory distress syndrome; a condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively because the individual alveoli have filled with fluid
ARDS
also called infant respiratory distress syndrome, often seen in children born to diabetic mothers. Occurs when insufficient surfectant, a phospholipid that keeps alveoli open, causing labored breathing and sometimes death
HMD, Hyaline membrane disease
cancerous masses forming on the bronchial tree that block air passages
bronchogenic carcinoma
condition caused by extreme acidity of body fluids
acidosis
absence of the sense of smell
anosmia
temporary loss of breathing
apnea
condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
asphyxia
collapsed or airless condition of the lung
atelectasis
Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration; first deeply, then shallow
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
condition caused by acute inflammation of the membranes in the nose, sometimes called upper respiratory infection
coryza
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and lungs
croup
nasal hemorrhage, also called a nosebleed
epistaxis
enlargement of the terminal phalanges commonly associated with pulmonary disease
finger clubbing
oxygen deficiency in arterial blood
hypoxemia
oxygen deficiency in body tissues
hypoxia
acute infectious disease also called “whooping cough”
pertussis
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or heavy breathing
pleurisy
disease caused by inhaling dust particles
pneumoconiosis
disease caused by inhaling coal dust particles
anthracosis
disease caused by inhaling stone dust particles
chalicosis
disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
asbestosis
fluid in the lungs, commonly caused by heart failure
pulmonary adema
blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, etc)
pulmonary embolism
the abnormal breathing heard through osculation of an obstructed airway
rhonchus
high pitched, harsh breathing sound caused by a spasm, swelling of the larynx, or obstruction in the upper airway
stridor
lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in a mist form directly to the lungs
aerosol therapy
washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material (i.e. a netti pot)
antral lavage
noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen. It’s the little plastic probe attached to a patient’s finger
oximetry
test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and other methods
polysomnography
method of positioning a patient such that gravity aids the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
postural drainage
variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function (running on the treadmill, etc)
pulmonary function tests
test to measure the capacity of the lungs, including time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
spirometry
procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
endotracheal intubation
removal of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
pleurectomy
removal of a lung or part of a lung
pneumectomy
surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum
septoplasty
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
thoracentesis
surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
tracheostomy
a fancier name for a TB (tuberculosis) test
Mantoux test
visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinal structures, inclduing the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
mediastinoscopy
test that measures dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen in arterial blood
ABG (arterial blood gas) test
minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries
CTPA
minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
cough suppressant medicine
antitussives
act on the immune system by blocking the production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions
corticosteroids
