Exam 3 - Chapter 15: Nervous system (by term)

Question 1

afferent

Answer 1

carry or move inward or toward a structure

Question 2

blood-brain barrier

Answer 2

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue

Question 3

efferent

Answer 3

to carry or move away from a central structure

Question 4

limbic system

Answer 4

complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays important roles in memory

Question 5

neurilemma

Answer 5

additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 6

ventricle

Answer 6

organ chamber or cavity that holds fluid

Question 7

corpus callosum

Answer 7

structure that joins the two brain hemispheres together

Question 8

gyri

Answer 8

folds in the brain

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

portion of the brain that regulates involuntary activities such as heart rate and body temperature

Question 10

thalamus

Answer 10

receives all sensory stimuli (except olfactory) and sends them to the cerebral cortex

Question 11

meninges

Answer 11

name for the three covering membranes in the brain

Question 12

dura mater

Answer 12

outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord. It’s tough, fibrous, and dense

Question 13

arachnoid

Answer 13

the middle of the three coverings of the brain with a web-like appearance

Question 14

pia mater

Answer 14

the innermost of the three membranes covering the brain

Question 15

cerebr/o

Answer 15

combining form of “cerebrum”

Question 16

crani/o

Answer 16

combining form of “cranium” or “skull”

Question 17

encephal/o

Answer 17

combining form of “brain”

Question 18

gangli/o

Answer 18

combining form of “ganglion” or “knot like mass”

Question 19

gli/o

Answer 19

combining form of “neurological tissue”

Question 20

kinesi/o

Answer 20

combining form of “movement”

Question 21

lept/o

Answer 21

combining form of “thin” or “slender”

Question 22

lex/o

Answer 22

combining form of “word” or “phrase”

Question 23

mening/o

Answer 23

(1 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

meningi/o

Answer 24

(2 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 25

myel/o

Answer 25

combining form of "bone marrow" or "spinal cord"

Question 26

narc/o

Answer 26

combining form of "stupor" or "numbness"

Question 27

neur/o

Answer 27

combining form of "nerve"

Question 28

radicul/o

Answer 28

combining form of "nerve root"

Question 29

sthen/o

Answer 29

combining form of "strength"

Question 30

thalam/o

Answer 30

combining form of "thalamus"

Question 31

thec/o

Answer 31

combining form of "sheath" but also used to refer to the meninges

Question 32

ton/o

Answer 32

combining form of "tension"

Question 33

ventricul/o

Answer 33

combining form of "ventricle" either the heart or the brain

Question 34

-algesia

Answer 34

(1 of 2) suffix for "pain"

Question 35

-algia

Answer 35

(2 of 2) suffix for "pain"

Question 36

-asthenia

Answer 36

suffix for "weakness" or "debility"

Question 37

-esthesia

Answer 37

suffix for "feeling"

Question 38

-kinesia

Answer 38

suffix for "movement"

Question 39

-lepsy

Answer 39

suffix for "seizure"

Question 40

-paresis

Answer 40

suffix for "partial paralysis"

Question 41

-phasia

Answer 41

suffix for "speech"

Question 42

-plegia

Answer 42

suffix for "full paralysis"

Question 43

-taxia

Answer 43

suffix for "order" or "coordination"

Question 44

pachy-

Answer 44

prefix for "thick"

Question 45

para-

Answer 45

prefix for "near" or "beyond"

Question 46

radiculitis

Answer 46

inflammation of the nerve root associated with the spinal column

Question 47

dyskinesia

Answer 47

involuntary movement

Question 48

ischemic stroke

Answer 48

stroke caused by the narrowing of the arteries in the brain or the neck

Question 49

intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 49

sudden rupture of an artery inside the brain

Question 50

subarachnoid hemorrage

Answer 50

blood released into the space surrounding the brain

Question 51

aphasia

Answer 51

inability to speak

Question 52

ataxia

Answer 52

lack of muscle coordination

Question 53

thrombolytic

Answer 53

a clot-busting medication given during a stroke

Question 54

psychosis

Answer 54

mental disorder where there is a severe loss of contact with reality

Question 55

neurosis

Answer 55

mental disorder caused by an emotion experienced in the past that overwhelmingly interferes with present emotion

Question 56

agnosia

Answer 56

inability to comprehend visual, auditory, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even through the sensory sphere is intact

Question 57

asthenia

Answer 57

condition of weakness or loss of strength

Question 58

ataxia

Answer 58

lack of muscle coordination or control

Question 59

convulsion

Answer 59

any sudden or violent muscle contraction

Question 60

dyslexia

Answer 60

inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence and exposure

Question 61

Guillan-Barre syndrome

Answer 61

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation fo the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed. Weak nerve impulses and loss of reflex are sx

Question 62

Huntington chorea

Answer 62

inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 63

anencephaly

Answer 63

congenital deformity where some or all of the fetal brain is missing

Question 64

spina bifida

Answer 64

congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development (lower spine issues)

Question 65

paresthesia

Answer 65

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

Question 66

poliomyelitis

Answer 66

The technical term for the condition of polio, causes the gray matter of the spinal chord to to enflame and paralysis

Question 67

Reye syndrome

Answer 67

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly other organs