Exam 3 - Chapter 14: Endocrine system (by definition)

Question 1

an internal state of equilibrium in the body

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge in solution

Answer 2

electrolyte

Question 3

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) into glucose

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

simple sugar that is the end result of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas that allow body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (such as epinepherine and norepinepherine)

Answer 6

sympathomimetic

Question 7

pea sized gland located at the back of the brain. Sometimes called the master gland due to the way it regulates so many body activities. This gland has two lobes.

Answer 7

pituitary gland

Question 8

produces ADH and oxytocin

Answer 8

posterior pituitary gland

Question 9

the large, H-shaped organ just below the neck, composed of two large lobes separated by a strip of tissue called an isthmus

Answer 9

thyroid gland

Question 10

the body’s major metabolic hormone; increases the rate of oxygen consumption which in turn speeds up metabolism. Made up of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 10

thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 11

hormone that regulates calcium in the bloodstream; decreases the rate of calcium absorption from bones

Answer 11

calcitonin

Question 12

hormone produced in the adrenal cortex - promotes the secretion of corticosteriods; hyper secretion causes Cushing disease; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 12

ACTH

Question 13

In females, stimulates egg production and increases the secretion of estrogen. In males, stimulates sperm production in the testes; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

Regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other tissues. ; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 14

GH

Question 15

In females, promotes ovulation and stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. In males, stimulates secretion of testosterone; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 15

LH

Question 16

promotes lactation in females; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 16

PRL (prolactin)

Question 17

stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones; secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 17

TSH

Question 18

increases water reabsorption in the kidneys; secreted from the posterior pituitary

Answer 18

ADH

Question 19

In females, promotes milk secretion from mammary glands and stimulates uterine contractions for labor; secreted from the posterior pituitary

Answer 19

oxytocin

Question 20

glands located on the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland; secretes PTH which helps regulate calcium balance in the blood

Answer 20

parathyroid glands

Question 21

causes bones to release calcium, intestines to absorb more calcium, and kidneys to increase calcium reabsorbtion

Answer 21

PTH

Question 22

paired glands that sit on top of the kidneys; divided into the cortex and the medulla

Answer 22

adrenal glands

Question 23

causes the kidneys to conserve sodium and to pass on potassium, which in turn increases water conservation by lowering urine output; secreted from the adrenal cortex

Answer 23

aldosterone

Question 24

influences the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Cortisol is an example of this. Secreted from the adrenal cortex

Answer 24

glucocorticoids

Question 25

androgens, estrogens, and progesterins help maintain secondary sex characterists like breasts in females and placement of body hair

Answer 25

sex hormones

Question 26

also called adrenaline, this hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and dilating airways.

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

gland that's inferior to the stomach and in the bend in the duodenum. Functions as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. Produces insulin and glucagon

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

Portion of the pancreas that secretes insulin and glucagon

Answer 28

Islets of Langerhans

Question 29

small, pine-cone shaped organ at the posterior portion of the brain that secrets melatonin; possibly inhibits the functions of the ovaries

Answer 29

pineal gland

Question 30

(1 of 2) combining form of "adrenal gland"

Answer 30

adren/o

Question 31

(2 of 2) combining form of "adrenal gland"

Answer 31

adrenal/o

Question 32

combining form of "calcium"

Answer 32

calc/o

Question 33

combining form of "secrete"

Answer 33

crin/o

Question 34

(1 of 2) combining form of "sweetness" or "sugar"

Answer 34

gluc/o

Question 35

(2 of 2) combining form of "sweetness" or "sugar"

Answer 35

glyc/o

Question 36

combining form of "same" or "alike"

Answer 36

home/o

Question 37

combining form of "potassium"

Answer 37

kal/i

Question 38

combining form of "pancreas"

Answer 38

pancreat/o

Question 39

combining form of "parathyroid gland"

Answer 39

parathyroid/o

Question 40

combining form of "thymus gland"

Answer 40

thym/o

Question 41

combining form of "thyroid gland"

Answer 41

thyr/o

Question 42

combining form of "poison"

Answer 42

toxic/o

Question 43

suffix for "secrete"

Answer 43

_crine

Question 44

suffix for "thirst"

Answer 44

_dipsia

Question 45

suffix for "forming" or "producing" or "origin"

Answer 45

_gen

Question 46

suffix for "poison"

Answer 46

_toxic

Question 47

suffix for "urine"

Answer 47

_uria

Question 48

prefix for "good" or "normal"

Answer 48

eu-

Question 49

prefix for "outside" or "outward"

Answer 49

exo-

Question 50

abnormal condition of low sodium levels in the blood

Answer 50

hyponatremia

Question 51

a form of hypothyroidism that develops in infants. Leads to mental retardation, abnormal bone growth, low body temperatures.

Answer 51

cretinism

Question 52

hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood (as opposed to childhood, like in cretinism). Symptoms include edema, weight gain, sluggishness

Answer 52

myxedema

Question 53

Form of hyperthyroidism; symptoms include weight loss, excessive perspiration, muscle weakness, emotional instability, and bulging eyes that come from swelling optical nerve tissue

Answer 53

Graves disease

Question 54

condition of bulging eyeballs

Answer 54

exophthalmos

Question 55

insufficient production of PTH in the body; sometimes caused by too much calcium in the blood. This in turn may cause low blood calcium levels, which in turn can cause muscle spasms

Answer 55

hypoparathyroidism

Question 56

muscle spasms

Answer 56

tetany

Question 57

too much production of PTH, often caused by a tumor on the thyroid

Answer 57

hyperthyroidism

Question 58

a benign glandular tumor

Answer 58

adenoma

Question 59

condition of tumors growing on nerve endings, sometimes caused by excessive calcium in the blood

Answer 59

von Recklinghausen disease

Question 60

disease caused by a lack of cortical hormones, usually occurs when the adrenal cortex is damaged or impaired. Symptoms include low blood sodium and high blood potassium, excessive urination to the point of being dehydrated

Answer 60

Addison disease

Question 61

symptoms that come from excessive amounts of cortisol, ACTH, or both. Symptoms include thin extremities, thinning hair, easy bruising, slow wound healing, purple striae, increased body and facial hair,

Answer 61

Cushing syndrome

Question 62

condition of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to insufficient production of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin properly. Symptoms include constant urination, abnormal thirst and hunger, and irritability

Answer 62

diabetes mellitus

Question 63

extreme thirst

Answer 63

polydipsia

Question 64

extreme hunger

Answer 64

polyphagia

Question 65

Condition where the body does not produce enough insulin. Typically diagnosed in young children and teenagers. Treated with exercise, insulin, and careful monitoring of blood glucose

Answer 65

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 66

Condition where the body does not produce enough insulin, or the body is resistant to the effects of insulin. Risk factors include a family history of obesity or diabetes. Treatments include exercise, weight loss, diet, and insulin.

Answer 66

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 67

cancer of an endocrine gland

Answer 67

adenocarcinoma

Question 68

Rare hormonal disorder in adulthood often caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor; promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

Answer 68

acromegaly

Question 69

increased formation and secretion of urine

Answer 69

diuresis

Question 70

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

Answer 70

glycosuria

Question 71

condition where blood calcium levels are too high

Answer 71

hypercalcemia

Question 72

condition where blood potassium levels are too high

Answer 72

hyperkalemia

Question 73

abnormal increase of blood volume, typically caused by abnormally high levels of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer 73

hypervolemia

Question 74

a tumor in the Isles of Langerhans in the pancreas

Answer 74

insulinoma

Question 75

having a BMI index of 40 or greater

Answer 75

morbid obesity

Question 76

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Answer 76

panhypopituitarism

Question 77

small cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla that causes elevated heart rate and blood issues

Answer 77

pheochromocytoma

Question 78

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone

Answer 78

thyroid storm

Question 79

masculinization or development of male characteristics in a woman

Answer 79

virilism

Question 80

measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball

Answer 80

exophthalmometry

Question 81

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

Answer 81

parathyroidectomy

Question 82

endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision at the back of the nose without disturbing brain tissue

Answer 82

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Question 83

removal of the thymus gland

Answer 83

thymectomy

Question 84

test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

Answer 84

fasting blood sugar

Question 85

screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

Answer 85

glucose tolerance test

Question 86

diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to detemine insulin sensitivity

Answer 86

insulin tolerance test