Extraintestinal Nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
Common name of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Bancroft’s filarial worm
2
Q
Common name of Brugia malayi
A
Malayan filarial worm
3
Q
Intermediate host of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
- Anopheles
- Aedes
- Culex
4
Q
Habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Lower lymphatics
5
Q
Diagnostic stage of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Microfilariae in blood
6
Q
Wuchereria bancrofti infective stage
A
L3 filiform
7
Q
MOT of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Skin penetration
8
Q
Intermediate host of Brugia malayi
A
- Mansonia
- Anopheles
9
Q
Habitat of Brugia malayi
A
Upper lymphatics
10
Q
Diagnostic stage of Brugia malayi
A
Microfilariae in blood
11
Q
Brugia malayi infective stage
A
L3 filiform
12
Q
MOT of Brugia malayi
A
Skin penetration
13
Q
Periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Nocturnal - 10pm to 2am
14
Q
Periodicity of Brugia malayi
A
Subperiodic
- 12nn to 8pm
- Markell & Voge also states n nocturnal siya (10pm to 2am)
15
Q
Sheath affinity to Giemsa ng Brugia malayi
A
pink-colored
16
Q
Body nuclei of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Regularly-spaced
17
Q
Terminal nuclei of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
none
18
Q
Appearance of Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Graceful curve
19
Q
Drug of choice for Wuchereria bancrofti
A
DIethylcarbamazine
20
Q
Sheath affinity to Giemsa ng Wuchereria bancrofti
A
Unstained
21
Q
Body nuclei of Brugia malayi
A
Overlapping/Irregularly-spaced
22
Q
Terminal nuclei of Brugia malayi
A
2
23
Q
Appearance of Brugia malayi
A
Kinky, angular
24
Q
Drug of choice for Brugia malayi
A
DIethylcarbamazine
25
Diagnostic test for *Wuchereria bancrofti*
- Blood smear using Giemsa (or Hematoxylin which is collected during night)
- Knott's conc if low # of microfilariae in blood then conc w/ 2% formalin (1ml) then get sediment then stain w/ Giemsa
- Rapid Diagnostics
26
Diagnostic test for *Brugia malayi*
- Blood smear using Giemsa (or Hematoxylin which is collected during night)
- Knott's conc if low # of microfilariae in blood then conc w/ 2% formalin (1ml) then get sediment then stain w/ Giemsa
- Rapid Diagnostics
27
Common name of *Trichinella spiralis*
- Trichina worm
- Muscle worm
28
Habitat of *Trichinella spiralis*
- Small intestine when adult
- Striated muscle when larva
29
Final host of *Trichinella spiralis*
swine
| we are dead-end hosts (accidental hosts)
30
Diagnostic and Infective stage of *Trichinella spiralis*
Encysted larva (in muscle tissue)
31
MOT of *Trichinella spiralis*
ingestion of infected raw or undercooked pork
32
Diagnostic tests for *Trichinella spiralis*
- Muscle tissue biopsy (gastrocnemius usually)
- Ultrasound
- Bachmann intradermal test
- Beck's xenodiagnoses
- Bentonite flocculation test
33
drug of choice for *Trichinella spiralis*
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
- Prednisone (Corticosteroids)
| removal of whole muscle :oo
34
What *Brugia* that has a cephalic space of 3:1 and body nuclei that extends up to the tip of the tail?
*Brugia timori*
35
Periodicity of *Brugia timori*
Nocturnal
| 10pm to 2am or 4am
36
Common name of *Loa loa*
African eye worm
| or eye worm
37
Intermediate host of *Loa loa*
Chrysops
| Mango fly
38
Habitat of *Loa loa*
Subcutaneous tissue
| and deeper connective tissues
39
Periodicity of *Loa loa*
Diurnal
| during the day
40
What do you call the localized subcutaneous edema as an indicative of Loaiasis?
| allergic rxn indicative of *Loa loa*
Calabar swellings
| also called fugitive swelling
41
In what filariae can u observe edema of conjunctivitis and eyelids?
| +++ progressive keratitis
*Loa loa*
42
Treatment proposals for *Loa loa*
- Diethylcarbamazine
- Ivermectin
- Surgical removal of migrating adult worms
43
What is the only filaria parasitizing humans that is confined to the New World?
*Mansonella ozzardi*
44
Intermediate host of *Mansonella ozzardi*?
*Culicoides* gnats
| Biting midges
45
Habitat of *Mansonella ozzardi*
Mesenteries & Visceral fat
46
Among the filarial worms, which are the only ones that are sheathed?
- *Wuchereria*
- *Loa loa*
- *Brugia*
47
# True or False
Lahat ng filarial worms L3 ang infective kainis nmn
YES TRU N 2RU
48
Common name of *Onchocerca volvulus*
Blinding filarial worm
| Craw craw
49
Habitat of *Onchocerca volvulus*
Subcutaneous tissue
50
Vector of *Onchocerca volvulus*
*Simulium* spp
| or blackfly
51
Specimen required for *Onchocerca volvulus*
Skin Snips
52
Microfilaria characteristics of *Onchocerca volvulus*
## Footnote
nuclei & if sheathed or naur
- Unsheathed
- Nuclei does not extend to tail
53
Periodicity of *Onchocerca volvulus*
Non-periodic
54
Periodicity of *Mansonella ozzardi*
Non-periodic
55
Common name of *Mansonella perstans*
Persistent Filarial Worm
56
Habitat of *Mansonella perstans*
Deep Connectie Tissue
57
Periodicity of *Mansonella perstans*
Non-periodic
58
Vector that transmits *Mansonella perstans*
*Culicoides* gnat
59
Treatment for *Mansonella perstans*
Albendazole
| for 10 days
## Footnote
Diethylcarbamazine & Ivermectin seem ineffective
60
Common name of *Dracunculus medinensis*
Guinea worm, Fiery serpent of the Israelites, Medina worm, Dragon worm
61
Infective stage of *Dracunculus medinensis*
larval stage in the infected copepod
62
Diagnostic stage of *Dracunculus medinensis*
larva obtained from ulcer
## Footnote
once ulcer is formed, larva may be obtained by flooding the area w/ water
63
MOT of *Dracunculus medinensis*
ingestion of infected copepods
64
Treatment for *Dracunculus medinensis* infections?
- Metronidazole
- Thiabendazole
- Mebendazole
## Footnote
- Metro & Thia = facilitates removal of worms
- Meben = kills the worms
65
What are the filarial worms responsible for Visceral Larva Migrans
- *Toxocara canis*
- *Toxocara cati*
66
Infective stage of *Toxocara* spp?
egg
| ova
67
MOT of *Toxocara* spp.?
ingestion of infective egg
| or ova
68
Diagnostic tests for *Dracunculus medinensis*
- Laparoscopy and biopsy of liver nodules
- Serologic tests (use of cultured 2nd-stage larva antigen)
69
Common name of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
Rat Lungworm
70
Definitive hosts of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
Rats
| *Rattus norvegicus* &*Rattus rattus*
71
Intermediate hosts of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
Mollusks/Snails
72
Paratenic hosts of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
Prawn, Crab, Vegetation
73
Humans are what type of hosts in *Angiostrongylus cantonensis* infections?
Accidental hosts
74
Habitat of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
Lungs of definitive host
75
Infective stage of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis* to definitive hosts?
L3 larva
76
Infective stage of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis* to snails
L1 larva
77
MOT of *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
ingestion of raw or undercooked snails, veggies, paratenic hosts, and water
| paratenic hosts = prawn and crabs
78
Diagnostic tests for *Angiostrongylus cantonensis*
- CSF analysis
- CT-scan
- ELISA
- PCR
79
Treatment options for *Angiostrongylus cantonensis* infections?
- Thiabendazole
- Mebendazole
