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Liver flukes Flashcards

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1
Q

Among the liver flukes, which of them are relatively elongate and narrow-bodied worms that tend to localize in the smaller, more distal parts of the biliary tree?

3 cla (technically apat)

A
  • Clonorchis
  • Opisthorchis
  • Dicrocoelium

Only in heavy infections are these worms found in the common bile duct or gallbladder.

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2
Q

Among the liver flukes, which of them are larger and more rounded worms that tend to localize in the larger, more proximal parts of the biliary tree?

A

Fasciola spp.

Although Dicrocoelium dendriticum may be known as Fasciola dendriticum, sabi ni boss markell sa mas maliliit daw na biliary passage si Dicrocoelium eh

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3
Q

Which of the liver flukes are similar in the location of their vitellaria positioned in the middle third of the body, same level w/ its uterus?

A
  • C. sinensis
  • Opisthorchis spp.

only difference ay testes (shape & morphology)

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4
Q

Among the liver flukes that have the same location of vitellaria, which of the two has a highly branched, arranged in tandem testes that is located posteriorly?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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5
Q

Among the liver flukes that have the same location of vitellaria, which of the two has a lobate, arranged obliquely testes that is located posteriorly?

A

Opisthorchis spp.

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6
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus have testes that are lobate and arranged obliquely. However, which among the two have more deeply lobulated testes positioned close to each other?

A

Opisthorchis viverrini

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7
Q

The eggs of Opisthorchis spp. are similar in appearance w/ what spp.?

2 cla

A
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Heterophyids

Heterophyids = Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai

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8
Q

What is the common name of Clonorchis sinensis?

A
  • Chinese liver fluke
  • Oriental liver fluke
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9
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis have a distinct ____ operculum

convex or concave?

concave = paloob curve; convex = palabas

A

convex

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10
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis may resemble Heterophyes and Metagonimus but may have a small ____-shaped process at the abopercular end.

A

comma-shaped

tbh, same w/ Opisthorchis na may small protuberance sa abopercular end.

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11
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis have been described to have the appearance of what?

A

old-fashioned lightbulb

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12
Q

First Intermediate Hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

A
  • Parafossarulus
  • Bulinus
  • Thiara
  • Alocinma
  • Melanoides
  • Semisulcospira

PBTAMS

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13
Q

Second Intermediate Hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

A
  • Cyprinidae
  • freshwater shrimp

basta freshwater fish

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14
Q

Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis is by the recovery of eggs via what samples?

Kumbaga, what r the samples preferred for diagnosis?

A
  • Stool
  • Duodenal aspirate
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15
Q

The acute phase of clonorchiasis lasts for at least ____ and may be characterized by fever, diarrhea, epigastric pain, and sometimes jaundice

A

a month

eggs also appear in the feces abt a month after infection

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16
Q

The gallbladder may be inflamed and the formation of gallstones may manifest upon worm invasion. What do you call these two conditions?

or disease

A
  • Cholecystitis
  • Cholelithiasis
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17
Q

What do you call the inflammation of the bile duct system that manifests upon the invasion of the biliary passages by the liver flukes?

A

Cholangitis

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18
Q

Carcinomas, such as adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, are commonly attributed to what liver fluke?

Study These Flashcards
A

Clonorchis sinensis

19
Q

Drug of choice for cholonorchiasis

20
Q

What is the common name of Opisthorchis felineus?

Study These Flashcards
A

cat liver fluke

felineus = feline = cats

parasitizes cats; but, seen in humans too (same pathology w/ Clonorchis sinensis

21
Q

The eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini are ____ than those of Clonorchis sinensis. Otherwise, they are indistinguishable.

narrower or wider

Study These Flashcards
A

narrower

thus, operculated and may thickened abopercular end (similar also to heterophyids)

22
Q

First Intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis spp.?

22
Q

Second Intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis spp.?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cyprinidae
  • Cobitidae
23
Q

What is the common name of Opisthorchis viverrini?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Southeast Asian liver fluke
  • Siberian liver fluke
24
Drug of choice for *Opisthorchis* spp.?
Praziquantel
25
What is known as the common parasite of the biliary tree of herbivores?
*Dicrocoelium dendriticum* ## Footnote also known as *Fasciola dendriticum*, *Fasciola lanceolata*
26
What is the common name of *Fasciola dendriticum*?
Lancet fluke | Lanceolate fluke ## Footnote *Fasciola dendriticum* = *Dicrocoelium dendriticum*
27
The cercariae of *Dicrocoelium dendriticum* are liberated from the snails during rainy periods and become **massed in** "____" _shed on vegetation_ which are eaten by the second intermediate host.
slime balls | slime balls = accumulated cercaria
28
For humans to acquire dicrocoeliasis, they must ingest the secondary host which is an?
ant | infected ant lmao
29
First Intermediate host of *Dicrocoelium dendriticum*
*Cionella lubrica*
30
Second Intermediate host of *Dicrocoelium dendriticum*?
*Formica fusca*
31
What is the common name of *Fasciola hepatica*?
sheep liver fluke | Temperate Liver Fluke
32
What do you call the **characteristic of *Fasciola*** spp. that _resembles a shoulder_ and is found anteriorly?
cephalic cone
33
The eggs of *Fasciola* spp. is similar to the eggs of what flukes?
- *Fasciolopsis* - Echinostomes
34
The _maturation of metacercaria_ into adult liver flukes in human hosts may take **how many months**?
3-4 months
35
____ infections of *Fasciola*, in which eggs ingested during the consumption of infected liver appear in the stool.
Spurious ## Footnote meaning it won't infect
36
Adult worms in the liver may be viewed by what?
ultrasonography | ultrasound (via sonogram)
37
First Intermediate host of *Fasciola* spp.
*Lymnaea* spp.
38
Second Intermediate host of *Fasciola* spp.
- *Ipomea obscura* (kangkong) - *Nasturtium officinale* (watercress)
39
What do you call the **pharyngeal form of the disease** that results from _eating raw animal liver_ infected with *Fasciola*?
Halzoun
40
Drug of choice for *Fasciola* spp.?
- Bithionol - Triclabendazole
41
Common name of *Fasciola gigantica*?
giant liver fluke | Tropical liver fluke
42
*Fasciola gigantica* has a more ____ shape than *Fasciola hepatica*.
attenuated | reduced; smaller; more elongated din

Parasitology (25 decks)

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