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Trematodes (characs) Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes belong to what phylum?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

Trematodes belong to what class what?

A

Class Trematoda

or Digenea

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3
Q

Based on reproduction processes, what are the two types of trematodes?

reproduction process = self-fertilizing or nah

xori, can’t term it ryt ehehehe

A
  • Monoecious (or hermaphroditic)
  • Dioecious

Mono = self-fertilizing
Dio = 1 male 1 female to reproduce

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4
Q

Among the species of trematodes, which of the species are dioecious?

A

Schistosoma spp

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5
Q

Most trematodes are described as ____ and ____ symmetrical, but they vary considerably in form.

shape & type of symmetry?

A

leaf-shaped; bilaterally symmetrical

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6
Q

The majority of the trematodes are leaf-shaped and bilaterally symmetrical, which of the species is not defined/described this way?

A

Schistosoma spp

cylindrical si Schistosoma

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7
Q

If nematodes are roundworms, cestodes are tapeworms, trematodes are called what?

A

Flukes

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8
Q

The largest trematode parasitizing humans would be?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

75m length; 20mm width

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9
Q

The smallest trematode parasitic to humans would be?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

under 2mm length; 0.5mm width

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10
Q

The body of a trematode is covered with a resistant cuticle which may be ____ or ____.

characs of cuticle?

A

smooth or spiny

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11
Q

How many suckers do trematodes possess?

A

two

except for Heterophyes heterophyes

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12
Q

What sucker is found on the anterior portion surrounding the mouth and is mainly for nutrition?

A

Oral sucker

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13
Q

What sucker is found on the mouth posterior to the oral sucker and is used for attachment?

A

Ventral sucker

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14
Q

Ventral sucker is also called as what?

A

Acetabulum

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15
Q

Majority of the trematodes have two suckers except for Heterophyes, which has three; what do u call the sucker used for copulation?

A

Genital sucker

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16
Q

The genital sucker of Heterophyes heterophyes is also known as?

A

Gonotyl

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17
Q

Trematodes have the oralcavity that leads to a muscular ____, from which the intestine branches to form the two intestinal ceca which run parallel to each other.

A

esophagus

wow dalawa cecum galing

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18
Q

Do trematodes have a nervous system present?

A

Yeah

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19
Q

Trematodes do not have a special respiratory system but if they need oxygen, it must be taken up through the what?

most are aerobic while some live anaerobically

A

Tegument

tegument = outer surface ng body

the average trematode uses its body surface (tegument) as a means for absorbing and releasing essential nutrients and waste products: solenocytes (from Zeibig)

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20
Q

Most of the rest of the body is taken up with organs of the ____ system.

A

reproductive

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21
Q

What do you call the series of glandular structures that are usually in two masses lying lateral to the intestinal ceca that produce the shell material?

A

Vitellaria

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22
Q

What ducts lead inward to the region of the ovary where the shell is formed over the ovum?

A

Vitelline ducts

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23
Q

The uterus is the largest organ in the body of a trematode and is filled with what?

A

eggs

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24
Q

Do all trematodes have well-developed reproductive organs?

weh sure k ba

A

yes

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25
Are trematodes segmented?
No
26
Do trematodes have a circulatory system?
No ## Footnote no skeletal & respi systems too
27
The nervous system of trematodes is basic/rudimentary. Its system is composed of ____ cells that is found anteriorly.
Ganglion cells
28
Trematodes have a *bilaterally symmetrical excretory system* with collecting tubules and capillaries that **terminate in flame cells** which is _otherwise known as_?
solenocytes ## Footnote Their excretory system consists of solenocytes and they function like kidneys
29
The digestive system of trematodes is composed of a/an ____ alimentary canal wherein _excrete is diffused_ since it is *w/o an anus*. | complete or incomplete
incomplete
30
Adult worms of trematodes lay two types of eggs: mature and immature. Which of the species lay **mature** eggs?
- *Dicrocoelium* - *Eurytrema* - *Schistosoma* - *Clonorchis* - *Heterophyes* - *Opisthorchis* ## Footnote DESAldehyde (kasi DES+CHO hehehehe)
31
Adult worms of trematodes lay two types of eggs: mature and immature. Which of the species lay **immature** eggs?
- *Paragonimus* - *Echinostoma* - *Fasciolopsis* - *Fasciola* ## Footnote PEFF (steak)
32
Trematode eggs are generally colored what?
yellow-brown or brown
33
Trematodes have a **lid at one end** and this is _where the miracidium emerges_. What do you call this lid?
operculum
34
All eggs have an operculum except for what trematode species?
*Schistosoma* spp.
35
The miracidium is _covered_ with **hairy structures** called ____ and this paves the way for its *motility* in water.
cilia
36
The shell may be *smoothly continous* in outline, or there may be a **slight flare**, _marking the line of cleavage between shell and operculum_, known as the _____.
opercular shoulders | or shoulders lng just d same honestly
37
Which of the eggs of trematodes have spines present in them? ## Footnote spin*ated* egg haha!
- *Clonorchis* - *Opisthorchis* - *Schistosoma* ## Footnote vv small spines kay clono & opis and large spines schisto
38
Trematode eggs _cannot be successfully_ concentrated by what technique? ## Footnote this is because the operculated and nonoperculate forms **rupture and fail to float**
ZnSO4 flotation | zinc-sulfate technique ## Footnote pero the sediments which contain the eggs are still recognizable even when ruptured
39
What concentration technique produces a quite satisfactory result on finding trematode eggs?
Formalin-ether | FECT/FEACT
40
What do you call the **larva** that _comes out of the egg_ once in water or intermediate host?
miracidium
41
Across all trematodes, what is their first intermediate host?
snails | or mollusks
42
All trematodes have **two intermediate hosts** _except_ for what spp?
*Schistosoma* spp.
43
After the miracidium/egg ingestion of the first intermediate host, this becomes a **saclike structure** structure called what?
sporocyst ## Footnote (Zeibig & Diagnostic Medical Parasitology)
44
What do you call the first **larva** that will be produced _inside the saclike structure_ *in the first intermediate host*?
redia ## Footnote - "The sporocyst is an elongated sac, without distinct internal structures, in which germ balls proliferate. These germ balls develop into rediae..." - "Within the rediae, the germ balls again proliferate, developing into cercariae."
45
The _larva that was formed_ *inside the saclike structure* will now reach its **final stage** called a what? | this is the stage that encysts on the 2ndary intermediate host
cercaria
46
What do you call the **larval form** found in a _second intermediate host_ or *encysted on vegetation*?
metacercariae
47
Except *Schistosoma* spp., what is the infective stage of trematodes to man?
metacercaria
48
What is, then, the infective stage of Schistosomes to man?
cercaria
49
Except Schistosomes, what is the MOT of trematodes?
**Ingestion of metacercaria** in 2ndary host
50
What is the MOT of Schistosomes?
Skin penetration
51
Which of the trematodes have their oral suckers bigger/more prominent than the ventral sucker?
Liver flukes (except *Opisthorchis*)
52
Which of the trematodes are liver flukes?
- *Fasciola* (*hepatica & gigantica*) - *Clonorchis sinensis* - *Opisthorchis* (*felineus & viverrini*) - *Dicrocoelium dendriticum* | 6
53
Which of the trematodes are intestinal flukes?
- *Fasciolopsis buski* - *Echinostoma ilocanum* - *Artyfechinostomum malayanum* - *Heterophyes heterophyes* - *Metagonimus yokagawai* - *Gastrodiscoides hominis*
54
Which of the trematodes is a pancreatic fluke?
*Eurytrema pancreaticum*
55
Which of the trematodes is a lung fluke?
*Paragonimus westermani*
56
Which species of the trematodes are regarded as blood flukes?
*Schistosoma* spp.
57
Which of the flukes are regarded as the most important flukes?
Blood flukes
58
Which of the trematodes have **snails** as their _2nd intermediate host_?
Echinostomes ## Footnote - *Echinostoma ilocanum* - *Artyfechinostomum malayanum*
59
Which of the trematodes have **aquatic plants** as their _2nd intermediate host_?
- *Fasciola hepatica* - *Fasciola gigantica* - *Fasciolopsis buski*
60
Which of the trematodes have **fishes** (or freshwater fishes) as their _2nd intermediate host_?
- *Clonorchis sinensis* - *Opisthorchis* spp - Heterophyids ## Footnote - *O. viverrini & O. felineus* - *H. heterophyes & M. yokogawai*
61
Which of the trematodes have **ants** as their _2nd intermediate host_?
- *Dicrocoelium dendriticum* - *Eurytrema pancreaticum* ## Footnote mga ticum ants 'yan
62
Which of the trematodes have **crustaceans** as their _2nd intermediate host_?
*Paragonimus westermani*
63
Which of the trematodes **have their ventral suckers** _larger than their oral_ ones?
- All intestinal flukes - *Opisthorchis* spp.
64
Which of the trematodes have **branched testes**?
- *Clonorchis sinensis* - *Fasciola* spp. - *Fasciolopsis buski* - *Paragonimus westermani* | CFFP ## Footnote *E. pancreaticum* has _notched testes_ so that tells u that the rest have _lobed testes_
65
Which of the trematodes have a **cephalic cone**?
*Fasciola* spp.
66
Which of the trematodes have a **branched intestinal ceca**?
- *Fasciola* spp. - *Paragonimus westermani* - *Eurytrema pancreaticum* | FPE's Ang Probinsyano!!! ## Footnote the rest have a simple intestinal ceca
67
Which of the trematodes have a **branched ovary**?
- *Fasciola* spp. - *Fasciolopsis buski* ## Footnote *E. pancreaticum* has a _notched ovary_ so that tells u that the rest have _lobed ovary_

Parasitology (25 decks)

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