ParaLab - Specimen handling

Question 1

Precaution that treats everything inside the lab as infectious

Answer 1

Standard Precaution

Question 2

Precaution that treats blood and other bodily fluids as infectious

Answer 2

Universal Precaution

Question 3

what should you practice in the lab and is key to avoid potential risks?

potential risks involve: ingestion (ova), skin pene(larva), infection of non-para agents

Answer 3

safety

or lab safety

Question 4

what type of blood is used in blood specimen?

Answer 4

venous blood/capillary blood

Question 5

what is a major factor in blood specimens to make sure that parasites won’t be missed through lysis?

Answer 5

timing

Question 6

If malaria and babesiosis are suspected, should smears be examined w/o delay?

Answer 6

YES

Question 7

what type of smears are needed when malaria and babesiosis are suspected?

Answer 7

Thick and Thin smears

Question 8

what blood parasite exhibits periodicity?

Answer 8

microfilariae

Question 9

How many specimens are collected within a span of 7 days to ensure the detection of oocytes and parasites?

Answer 9

3 specimens every other day w/in 7 days

Question 10

How many specimens should u collect for the diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis w/in 10 days?

Answer 10

6 specimens w/ no more than 10 days

6 specimens every other day ata w/in 10 days

Question 11

what type of stool specimen retains its shape and this is where u cysts are high-yield?

Answer 11

formed stool

Question 12

within how many hours should you test formed stool?

Answer 12

24 hours

Question 13

type of stool wherein you can see both cysts and trophozoites?

Answer 13

semi-formed stool

or soft (mushy)

Question 14

within how many hours should you examine a semi-formed stool?

Answer 14

within an hour

Question 15

If stool is watery, what type of protozoan can u see more?

Answer 15

Trophozoites

Question 16

Within how much time should u examine watery specimens?

Answer 16

within 30 mins after passage

labile = easiy-broken

Question 17

the intake of what results in the examination of crystalline residues (fecal artifacts) instead of parasites? for how much time should u defer if px took this?

Answer 17

Laxatives; 1-week deferral

Question 18

the intake of what decreases the number of parasites for several weeks?

Answer 18

antibiotics

antiprotozoal = 3-4 weeks
antihelminthic = 5-6 weeks

Question 19

Trophozoites are likely to die within how much time after passage?

Answer 19

30 mins to 1 hr

Question 20

where can you put stool samples for temporary storage?

Answer 20

dirty ref

Question 21

what must be the temp of the dirty ref?

Answer 21

3-5^oC

or 4 degrees

Question 22

what is usually killed when stool sx is refrigerated?

Answer 22

trophozoites

Question 23

what is pertained to as the all-purpose fixative for the recovery of protozoans and helminths?

Answer 23

formalin

Question 24

formalin conc used for protozoans

Answer 24

5% formalin

Question 25

formalin conc used for helminth eggs and larva?

Answer 25

10% formalin

Question 26

how much stool should you collect if specimen is formed

Answer 26

thumb-sized sx

Question 27

how much stool should u collect if sample is watery?

Answer 27

5-6 tablespoons of watery stool

Question 28

Formalin may be buffered w/ what to preserve morphology?

Answer 28

sodium phosphate

Question 29

preserved stool can be concentrated using what concentration technique?

Answer 29

FECT (formalin-ether conc. technique) | ethyl acetate may be subbed w/ ether since ether poses safety risks

Question 30

stools that will be fixed w/ formalin must be fixed within how much time?

Answer 30

30 mins

Question 31

Stool to formalin ratio?

Answer 31

1:3

Question 32

does formalin preserve trophozoites?

Answer 32

No. it also does not preserve morphology

Question 33

Gold Standard for Stool Examination?

Answer 33

1. Direct Stool Exam - fresh sx 2. Conc. methods - preserved sx 3. Permanent smear - preserved sx

Question 34

what is used to preserve fresh stool in preparation for staining stool smears?

Answer 34

Schaudinn's solution ## Footnote this also contains mercuric chloride

Question 35

fixative designed for fresh stool sx or sample from the intestinal mucosal surface for permanent staining?

Answer 35

Schaudinn's sol'n

Question 36

fixative which acts as a plastic resin which serves to adhere a stool sample onto a slide

Answer 36

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Question 37

PVA is normally incorporated into what so that actual fixation is done by this fixative?

Answer 37

Schaudinn's solution

Question 38

main advantage of PVA?

Answer 38

preservation of protozoans for permanent staining

Question 39

stools in PVA can be concentrated using what and can be shipped to any laboratory for further examination?

Answer 39

can be conc w FECT

Question 40

what is the function of merthiolate and iodine in MIF?

Answer 40

staining components

Question 41

formalin in MIF acts as the what?

Answer 41

preservative

Question 42

this fixative is usually used for wet mount smears

Answer 42

MIF | Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin

Question 43

what fixative has the advantage of not containing mercuric chloride and images w this fixative are not as sharp after staining ## Footnote images not as sharp as to those fixed w PVA or schaudinn's

Answer 43

SAF | Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin