Female Reproductive Embryology

Question 1

At what week do gendered reproductive structures express themselves?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

_____ ducts develop into male structures called ____.

Answer 2

mesonephric ducts called wolffian ducts

Question 3

_____ ducts develop into female structures called ____.

Answer 3

paramesonephric ducts called mullerian ducts

Question 4

Mullerian derivatives form what three structures?

Answer 4

uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of vagina

Question 5

What are the four key factors in determining male gonad fate?

Answer 5

testis determining factor, mullerian inhibiting factor, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone

Question 6

What are the key factors in determining female gonad fate?

Answer 6

estrogen

Question 7

Are M/F more likely to have congenital malformations? Why?

Answer 7

M –> more room for disruption since 4 different factors

Question 8

What structures are formed by intermediate mesoderm in the developing abdomen?

Answer 8

kidney and ureters

Question 9

At the point in time at which the mesonephric duct has induced kidney formation, do the gonads contain gonadal cells?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

The _____ is a small segment of undifferentiated mesoderm that projects off the abdominal wall.

Answer 10

genital ridge

Question 11

Where do primordial germ cells come from?

Answer 11

They migrate through the dorsal mesentery from yolk sac to genital ridge (in both sexes)

Question 12

Which duct (male vs female) forms first?

Answer 12

mesonephric before paramesonephric

Question 13

What affect does the arrival of primordial germ cells have on development?

Answer 13

stimulate undifferentiated gonad to form gender specific supporting cells (primitive sex cords)

Question 14

What is the determining factor that establishes the m/f choice for a developing gonad?

Answer 14

Y –>Sry gene

Question 15

The _____ encodes TDF

Answer 15

Sry gene on Y chromosome

Question 16

The development of ovary fate is controlled by what gene pathway? What is the analog of this pathway in males?

Answer 16

Wnt4 is the analog of Sry in males

Question 17

What are the supporting cells of male gametogenesis?

Answer 17

Sertoli cells

Question 18

What do sertoli cells tell male germ cells to do once sertoli cells have been established?

Answer 18

signal them to not undergo gametogenesis in utero

Question 19

What are granulosa cells?

Answer 19

granulosa/follicle cells are supporting cells in the developing ovary

Question 20

Do germ cells undergo gametogenesis in female gonads in utero?

Answer 20

Yes–> but arrest in M1 prophase

Question 21

Which endocrine cells are induced by sertoli and follicle cells respectively?

Answer 21

Leydig and theca cells

Question 22

The Leydig cells are the source of ____.

Answer 22

testosterone

Question 23

The theca cells are the source of ____.

Answer 23

estrogen (in addition to some from granulosa/follicle cells)

Question 24

The sertoli cells are the source of _____.

Answer 24

anti-Mullerian hormone/Mullerian inhibiting substance –> make mullerian ducts degenerate

Question 25

Testosterone is converted to ____

Answer 25

DHT --> masculinization

Question 26

What kind of epithelia are support cells of gonad? (sertoli, follicular)

Answer 26

coelomic epithelium

Question 27

What kind of epithelia are endocrine cells of gonad? (leydig, theca)

Answer 27

mesodermal stroma

Question 28

Where in the developing testis are testis cords located?

Answer 28

medulla

Question 29

Where in the developing ovary are ovary cords located?

Answer 29

cortex

Question 30

Site of gametogenesis in males

Answer 30

lumen of seminiferous tubules

Question 31

In which sex is the duct system completely closed

Answer 31

males

Question 32

Why is the female duct system not continuous?

Answer 32

the mesonephric duct degenerates, separating the ovary from the oviduct

Question 33

The paramesonephric ducts fuse under the influence of ____

Answer 33

estrogen

Question 34

The _____ form the fallopian tubes.

Answer 34

unfused ends of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 35

The lower part of the vagina is derived from ______

Answer 35

endoderm of urogenital sinus

Question 36

The ____ elongates to form the inferior vagina.

Answer 36

sinovaginal bulbs

Question 37

The paramesonephric ducts bring together a peritoneal fold that will form the ______ and create two peritoneal compartments.

Answer 37

broad ligament

Question 38

The ____ is created by resorption after paramesonephric duct fusion.

Answer 38

uterine cavity

Question 39

_____ is in the base of the broad ligament and courses through the cardinal ligament.

Answer 39

ureter

Question 40

The_____ is the deepest part of the female peritoneal cavity.

Answer 40

rectouterine pouch

Question 41

A ___ is a uterus with malformation resulting in two horns.

Answer 41

Bicorniate

Question 42

3 common components of external genitalia

Answer 42

glans area, urogenital folds, genital swelling

Question 43

In females the ____ forms the erectile tissue.

Answer 43

Glans area and genital swelling

Question 44

In females the ____ forms the glans of clitoris, shaft of clitoris, labium majora. .

Answer 44

urogenital folds and adjacent tissue

Question 45

In females the ____ forms the labium minora.

Answer 45

unfused urogenital folds