Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproductive > Physiology of Pregnancy Delivery > Flashcards

Physiology of Pregnancy Delivery Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mechanical respiratory changes in pregnancy

A

chest circumference increases (5-7cm), subcostal angle increases, transverse diameter increases, level of diaphragm rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

URT changes in pregnancy

A

hyperemia and edema from estrogen + nasal stuffiness and epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What change in pregnancy? residual volume

A

diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What change in pregnancy? expiratory reserve

A

no change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What change in pregnancy? tidal volume

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What change in pregnancy? inspiratory reserve

A

diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What change in pregnancy? total lung capacity

A

reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hyperventilation leads to _____ PCO2 and ____ PO2 driving the gradient at the level of placenta

A

decreased and increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What change in pregnancy? minute ventilation

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dyspnea of pregnancy

A

60-70% of women complain in late first or early second trimester –> reduced pco2 levels, awareness of increased tidal volume of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac output

A

sv X hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected from each ventricle with a contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What change in pregnancy? heart

A

bigger on CXR, but just because of rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What change in pregnancy? cardiac output

A

increase –> 4.5 L/min to 6 L/min –> uterus gets 17% of CO –> reduction in maternal CO doesnt change except for skeletal muscle and splanchnic bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What change in pregnancy? heart rate

A

increase as early as 5 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F maternal position can impact CO

A

T –> compression of IVC by large term gravid uterus can decrease cardiac output by 25% if supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What change in pregnancy? peripheral vascular resistance

A

decrease due to progesterone –> fall in systemic arterial pressure with nadir at about 24 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drop in _____ helps the maternal cardiovascular system accommodate the increased blood volume in pregnancy

A

vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F diastolic ejection murmurs occur in over 90% of pregnant women due to increased cardiac output

A

F –> this is true of systolic murmurs…diastolic murmurs are NOT normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What change in pregnancy? body water

A

increase from 6.5L to 8.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In pregnancy _____ exceeds Na retention decreased plasma osmolality

A

water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What change in pregnancy? Na

A

decreased by 3-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What change in pregnancy? blood volume

A

increases from 6-8 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What change in pregnancy? red cell mass

A

increases by term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Physiologic anemia of pregnancy
plasma volume increase > rbc volume increase --> dilution --> reduce blood viscosity, increased EPO, helps in perfusion and maternal/fetal exchange
26
What change in pregnancy? blood viscosity
decrease due to physiologic anemia
27
What change in pregnancy? coagulation cascade
increase in 1, vii, viii, ix, x --> hypercoagulable and decrease in fibrinolysis
28
What change in pregnancy? venous flow
increased stasis + vessel wall injury + hypercoagulability --> thromboembolism risk increases
29
What change in pregnancy? thromboembolic risk
increase
30
What change in pregnancy? bleeding and clotting times
no change
31
What change in pregnancy? kidneys
hypertrophy + dilation of renal pelves/calyces
32
What change in pregnancy? ureters
dilation due to increased progesterone --> right side is more affected due to mechanical effects of uterus
33
What change in pregnancy? renal plasma flow
increased
34
What change in pregnancy? gfr
increased
35
What change in pregnancy? creatinine
reduced
36
What change in pregnancy? stomach emptying time
decreased
37
What change in pregnancy? GI tone
decreased --> acid reflux
38
What change in pregnancy? small bowel motility
decreased --> more constipation
39
What change in pregnancy? portal venous pressure
increased --> hemorrhoids
40
What change in pregnancy? gallbladder emptying
slowed --> increased cholesterol saturation --> increased stone formation
41
What change in pregnancy? liver
increased production of fibrinogen, binding proteins (steroids and thyroid hormone), clotting factors (7, 8, 9, 10)
42
What change in pregnancy? AST/ALT
no change
43
Hyperemesis in pregnancy
likely impact of hCG --> supportive care, ginger, vit b6, unisom, antiemetics
44
What change in pregnancy? caloric requirements per day
increased
45
gravid
woman who has been pregnant before
46
nullipara
women who has never completed a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks
47
primipara vs multipara
woman who has delivered one fetus>20 weeks vs multiple fetus > 20 weeks
48
"looking down" presentation
occiput anterior
49
"looking up" presentation
occiput posterior
50
Smallest dimension of babies head
suboccipitobregmatic
51
Round pelvis
gynecoid
52
Pelvis with AP>transverse
android
53
Pelvis with AP~transverse
anthropoid
54
Pelvis with AP
platypelloid
55
Regular uterine contractions leading to cervical dilation
labor
56
Which prostaglandins are involved in uterine ctx?
prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha
57
What causes uterine ctx?
prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, things that increase intracellular Ca, gap junctions, increased oxytocin receptors
58
What causes cervical ripening?
collagenase, elastase (metalloproteases)
59
In cervical effacement, collagen chains are broken down and hydrophobic glycosaminoglycans are replaced by hydrophilic _______
hyaluronic acid
60
Cervical smooth muscle contraction causes cervical tissue to be pulled upward and incorporated into the lower segment of the ____
corpus
61
Prostaglandin receptors for uterine ctx are found in _____
decidua and myometrium
62
Oxytocin gene is upregulated by ____
estrogen
63
Oxytocin receptors for uterine ctx are found in ____
myometrium, fetal amnion, decidua
64
Term
>37 weeks
65
Mean duration of pregnancy
40 weeks from first day of last menstrual period
66
Stages of labor
1: closed-fully dilated, 2: fully dilated-delivery, 3: placenta
67
2 phases of stage 1 labor
latent and active
68
Latent phase
onset of labor with slow cervical dilation to ~4cm and variable duration
69
Active phase
faster rate of cervical change, regular uterine contractions
70
Round pelvis
gynecoid
71
Pelvis with AP>transverse
android
72
Pelvis with AP~transverse
anthropoid
73
Pelvis with AP
platypelloid
74
Regular uterine contractions leading to cervical dilation
labor
75
Which prostaglandins are involved in uterine ctx?
prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha
76
What causes uterine ctx?
prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, things that increase intracellular Ca, gap junctions, increased oxytocin receptors
77
What causes cervical ripening?
collagenase, elastase (metalloproteases)
78
In cervical effacement, collagen chains are broken down and hydrophobic glycosaminoglycans are replaced by hydrophilic _______
hyaluronic acid
79
Cervical smooth muscle contraction causes cervical tissue to be pulled upward and incorporated into the lower segment of the ____
corpus
80
Prostaglandin receptors for uterine ctx are found in _____
decidua and myometrium
81
Oxytocin gene is upregulated by ____
estrogen
82
Oxytocin receptors for uterine ctx are found in ____
myometrium, fetal amnion, decidua
83
Term
>37 weeks
84
Mean duration of pregnancy
40 weeks from first day of last menstrual period
85
Stages of labor
1: closed-fully dilated, 2: fully dilated-delivery, 3: placenta
86
2 phases of stage 1 labor
latent and active
87
Latent phase
onset of labor with slow cervical dilation to ~4cm and variable duration
88
Active phase
faster rate of cervical change, regular uterine contractions
89
0 station
after engagement of the fetus with the pelvis, can palpate for presentation right below ischial spines
90
Passive response of fetal head to soft tissues of the pelvis
flexion
91
Downward passage of fetus presenting part
descent
92
T/F there is an increase in cardiac output during labor
T (especially in second stage of labor) --> pain + uterine ctx transfer blood from uterus to general circulation --> increases venous return to heart
93
Shoulder dystocia
anterior shoulder stuck behind mother's pelvic bone --> usually with large baby --> can stretch brachial plexus

Reproductive (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions