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Reproductive > Gynecologic Pathology II > Flashcards

Gynecologic Pathology II Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Non-physiologic, non-invasive proliferation of endometrium

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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2
Q

endometrial hyperplasia is caused by _____

A

increased, unopposed estrogen effect

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3
Q

endometrial hyperplasia clinical presentation

A

abnormal bleeding

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4
Q

protective factors for endometrial hyperplasia

A

progesterone, large # births, old age at first birth, long birth period, short premenopausal delivery free period

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5
Q

Exogenous risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia

A

tamoxifen

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6
Q

histologic features of endometrial hyperplasia

A

abundant material with curettage, diffuse abnormality –> increased gland to stroma ratio, irregularities in gland shape, variation in gland size, mitotic activity

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7
Q

hyperplasia without atypia vs hyperplasia with atypia

A

gland architecture (simple vs complex)

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8
Q

Prominent nuclei in endometrial hyperplasia histology suggest

A

atypia

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9
Q

Risk of cancer after diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is highest among those with ____

A

complex with atypia = 29%–> risk doesn’t change if hysterectomy is done immediately after

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10
Q

Distinguishing endometrial hyperplasia from carcinoma

A

myometrial invasion or invasion of endometrial stroma suggest carcinoma (ie desmoplastic response, cribiform glands, extensive papillary pattern)

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11
Q

irregular infiltration of glands associated with altered fibroblastic stroma

A

desmoplastic response

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12
Q

confluent glandular pattern uninterrupted by stroma

A

cribiform glands

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13
Q

fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells

A

papillae indicative of papillary growth pattern

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14
Q

Most common malignant tumor of female genital tract

A

endometrial carcinoma

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15
Q

Type I endometrial carcinoma

A

estrogen dependent endometrioid type –> 80-85%

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16
Q

Type II endometrial carcinoma

A

non-estrogen dependent –>15-20%

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17
Q

2 types of Type II endometrial carcinoma

A

serous type, clear cell type

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18
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? unopposed estrogen

A

Type I

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19
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? pre and perimenopausal

A

Type I

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20
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? post menopausal

21
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? precursor lesion = atypical hyperplasia

22
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? precursor lesion = intraepithelial carcinoma

23
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? low tumor grade

24
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? high tumor grade

25
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? variable/minimal myometrial invasion
Type I
26
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? deep myometrial invasion
Type II
27
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? indolent
Type I
28
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? aggressive
Type II
29
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? PTEN, kras, microsatellite instability
Type I
30
Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? p53
Type II
31
Psamomma bodies
calcifications in serous type ii endometrial carcinoma
32
Stage I endometrial cancer
confined to uterus --:> a= endometrium, b = 50% myometrial invasion
33
Stage II endometrial cancer
cervical involvement --> a = glandular, b = cervical stromal involvement
34
Stage III endometrial cancer
uterine serosa, adnexa, positive cytology, vaginal or pelvic LN metastases
35
Stage IV endometrial cancer
invasion of bladder or bowel mucosa or distant metastases
36
85% of cervical cancer are ___ type
squamous +15% adenocarcinoma
37
symptoms of cervical cancer
abnormal bleeding, post-coital bleeding
38
risk factor for cervical cancer
hpv, cigarette smoking, immunosuppression, multiple partners, early age at 1st intercourse
39
precursor lesion for cervical cancer
dysplasia of increasing severity
40
detection of cervical cancer
pap smear
41
low risk hpv subtypes can lead to genital warts called ___
condyloma cunimatum
42
high risk hpv subtypes for cancer
16 and 18
43
low risk hpv subtypes for cancer
6 and 11
44
viral ______ genes of high risk hpv can cause cellular transformation
E6 and E7
45
T/F HPV persistence is necessary for progression to cancer
T
46
if pap is negative and high risk hpv negative, the risk of CIN 3 or invasive carcinoma in the next three years is ___
can increase screening time interval
47
_____ is the site of first preneoplastic cervical cancer lesions
squamocolumnar junction
48
T/F low grade cervical cancer lesions are often reversible
T
49
At what age do we begin to screen for cervical cancer
21

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