Histology of Male Reproductive System

Question 0

Role of testis

Answer 0

production of spermatozoa and secretion of male sex hormones

Question 1

4 parts of male reproductive system

Answer 1

testis, genital ducts, accessory glands, penis

Question 2

Role of genital ducts

Answer 2

collect, store, conduct spermatozoa from each testis

Question 3

Role of accessory glands

Answer 3

secrete nutritive and lubricating fluid called seminal fluid

Question 4

Most notable difference between gametogenesis in males/females.

Answer 4

For each primary spermatocytes entering meiosis, you get 4 haploid gametes (x or y) vs. in females, for each oocyte, you get 1 gamete (and remaining polar bodies)

Question 5

First division is called ____ and involves separation of homologs.

Answer 5

reduction of primary spermatocyte

Question 6

Production process of sperm (n)

Answer 6

2n –> 4n (diploid)–> 2 x 2n (haploid)–> 4 x 1n (haploid)

Question 7

The testis is surrounded by a fibrous capsule called the ______ which divides testis into lobules.

Answer 7

tunica albuginea

Question 8

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 8

250 pyramidal lobules –> 1-4 u-shaped tubules/lobule –> 300-900m total length/testis

Question 9

Each tubule in the testis empty into what structure?

Answer 9

rete testis

Question 10

What cells exist between tubules?

Answer 10

macrophages, interstitial leydig cells,

Question 11

Where are myoid cells in tubules?

Answer 11

at the basal lamina/membrane of the tubule (nonluminal side)

Question 12

____ layers of ____ cells contain components of smooth muscle and provide contractile propulsion of immotile germ cells from tubules into lumen.

Answer 12

3-5 layers of myoid cells

Question 13

T/F myoid cells respond to testosterone.

Answer 13

T –> they have androgen binding proteins in their membranes

Question 14

The _____ artery provides the blood for the testis via the _____.

Answer 14

testicular artery via the tunica

Question 15

The _____ is a classic steroid secreting cell

Answer 15

leydig –> large cell with peripheral nucleus –> testosterone production + maintenance of seminiferous epithelium

Question 16

Reductional division takes how long?

Answer 16

3 weeks

Question 17

2nd division of spermatogonia produce _______.

Answer 17

spermatids

Question 18

Why are spermatids connected during differentiation?

Answer 18

to share proteins (because y spermatids can’t produce all they need) and to synchronize development

Question 19

______ protein is essential for formation of intercellular bridges and fertility.

Answer 19

TEX14 = testis expressed gene 14

Question 20

Where do sperm gain motility?

Answer 20

In the ductus deferens

Question 21

Type A spermatogonia

Answer 21

least mature: round, dark staining, nucleus condensed

Question 22

Type B spermatogonia

Answer 22

still mitotic, visible nucleoli, dispersed chromatin, begin to enter meiosis –> duplicate

Question 23

Primary spermatocytes

Answer 23

duplicated DNA, condensed chromatin, lined up

Question 24

Secondary spermatocytes

Answer 24

are the products of reductional division and divide quickly to form spermatids --> hard to find

Question 25

Spermatids

Answer 25

very round

Question 26

Spermatozoa

Answer 26

spermatids that undergo spermatogenesis results in sperm-looking cells

Question 27

Features of spermatogenesis

Answer 27

production of an acrosomal cap, elongation of flagellum, removal of residual cytoplasm, alignment of microtubules about the flagella, condensing/compaction of nucleus

Question 28

Acrosome

Answer 28

modified lysozome which allows degradation of zona pellucida/cumulus layer of egg --> hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, etc.

Question 29

Acrosomes are amalgamations of _____

Answer 29

golgi

Question 30

Cilia are made of _____

Answer 30

9+1 microtubule

Question 31

How long do sperm spend in the testis as they develop?

Answer 31

45-60 days

Question 32

How long do sperm spend in the ducts for final maturation?

Answer 32

7-14 days

Question 33

The entire sperm cycle takes ____ days.

Answer 33

75 days

Question 34

Kartagener Syndrome/Immotile Cilia Syndrome

Answer 34

immotile spermatozoa, resulting infertility --> absence of dynein or other proteins for flagellar motility; associated with chronic respiratory infection

Question 35

T/F Kartagener syndrome reduces female fertility.

Answer 35

F --> in females, redundant mechanisms ensure flagella can function

Question 36

T/F Sertoli cells have processes that can traverse the tubule

Answer 36

T

Question 37

_____ cells are the predominant testicular cells in prepubertal males.

Answer 37

sertoli

Question 38

Role of microtubules/microfilaments in Sertoli cells.

Answer 38

help propel sperm into tubule

Question 39

T/F Sertoli cells can have macrophagic function

Answer 39

T --> will degrade degenerate spermatozoa

Question 40

Roles of Sertoli cells.

Answer 40

support, protect, and provide nutrition to germ cells, phagocytose residual bodies/degenerate cells, secrete androgen-binding protein, inhibin, activin, produce anti-mullerian hormone, blood-testis barrier

Question 41

_____ provides negative feedback for sperm development and _____ provides positive feedback.

Answer 41

inhibin and activin

Question 42

_____ cells form the blood testis barrier.

Answer 42

Sertoli cells --> tight junctions separate basal and luminal compartment

Question 43

Role of blood testis barrier

Answer 43

protect advanced spermatogenic cells from blood-borne pathogens

Question 44

_____ cells absorb seminiferous fluid that surround sperm being released from rete testis.

Answer 44

non-ciliated cells in ductus efferentes

Question 45

Epididymis function

Answer 45

accumulation, storage, maturation of sperm --> stabilization of condensed chromatin, changes in plasma membrane charge, acquisition of motility

Question 46

What kind of epithelia is the epidymis?

Answer 46

pseudostratified w/stereocilia (microvilli)

Question 47

Function of epidydimal epithelia

Answer 47

resorb testicular fluid, phagocytose residual bodies/degenerate spermatozoa, secrete glycoproteins to induce maturation

Question 48

T/F the epithelial layer of the vas deferens is the same as the epididymal epithelia

Answer 48

T

Question 49

There is more ______ in the tail vs the head of the epidymis

Answer 49

muscle

Question 50

Seminal vesicles make up what proportion of male ejaculate?

Answer 50

>50% --> fructose, citrate, prostaglandins, proteins

Question 51

What kind of epithelia is in the seminal vesicles

Answer 51

pseudostratified columnar

Question 52

_____ is a collection of 30-50 branched tubuloaveolar glands with emptying ducts into the _____.

Answer 52

prostate and urethra

Question 53

T/F the prostate is surrounded by a fibroelastic capsule

Answer 53

T

Question 54

Prostate has ___ sets of glands

Answer 54

3

Question 55

mucosal glands empty into

Answer 55

urethra

Question 56

submucosal glands and peripheral zone glands enter into ____ which empty into the ____

Answer 56

ducts that empty into urethra

Question 57

What kind of epithelia are in the prostate?

Answer 57

tall columnar and cuboidal

Question 58

Products of the prostate

Answer 58

acid phosphatase, citric acid, fibrinolysin, other proteins

Question 59

dense bodies of glycoproteins that calcify in older men (in prostate gland)

Answer 59

Corpus amylacea

Question 60

Starting at age 45, what happens to the prostate?

Answer 60

proliferation of mucosal cells and compression of urethra --> difficulty urinating

Question 61

Adenocarcinoma localizes where in the prostate?

Answer 61

at border --> within the fibrous capsule

Question 62

Components of penis

Answer 62

2 corpora cavernosa, 1 corpus cavernosum, urethra (corpus spongiosum)

Question 63

CCP and CCU contain irregular and communicating blood spaces called _____which fill with blood during _____.

Answer 63

sinusoids fill during erection