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Reproductive > Gynecologic Pathology III > Flashcards

Gynecologic Pathology III Flashcards

1
Q

T/F cystadenomas are benign

A

T

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2
Q

Ovarian tumor sources

A

surface epithelial, germ cell, sex-cord stromal, metastatic

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3
Q

What is the source of borderline tumors?

A

surface epithelia

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4
Q

Most common source of benign, malignant, and borderline ovarian tumors?

A

surface epithelia

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5
Q

Epithelial tumors arise form the surface epithelium of the ovary and from _____

A

epithelial inclusion cysts

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6
Q

Inclusion cyst formation

A

after ovulation, invagination of surface epithelium can form a cyst

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7
Q

Classification of surface epithelial tumors

A

serous, mucinous | malignant, borderline, benign

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8
Q

______ are lined by a single layer of bland epithelial cells.

A

benign cystadenomas

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9
Q

Ovarian masses that are ______ are most suspicious for malignancy

A

solid and cystic

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10
Q

Completely cystic masses are mostly benign/malignant

A

benign

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11
Q

T/F Completely solid masses may be benign or malignant

A

T

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12
Q

Typical spread of ovarian cancer

A

peritoneal surfaces, omentum

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13
Q

T/F most early stage ovarian cancers come without signs and symptoms

A

T

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14
Q

Stage I ovarian cancer

A

a = one ovary, b = both ovaries, c = surface/rupture of ovary

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15
Q

Stage 2 ovarian cancer

A

spread to tubes, uterus, other pelvic organs

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16
Q

Stage 3 ovarian cancer

A

lymph node metastasis, spread out of pelvis or to omentum

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17
Q

Stage 4 ovarian cancer

A

distant metastasis

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18
Q

Most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

ovarian serous carcinoma

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19
Q

Risk factors for ovarian serous carcinoma

A

nulliparity, family hx, heritable mutations

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20
Q

Which heritable mutations are risk factors for ovarian serous carcinoma

A

BRCA1 or BRCA2

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21
Q

Which mutations tend to lead to low grade ovarian serous carcinoma (e.g. serous borderline tumors) ?

A

KRAS or BRAF

22
Q

Which mutations tend to lead to high grade ovarian serous carcinoma?

A

p53

23
Q

Almost all ovarian carcinomas in women with ______ mutations are high grade serous carcinoma and a significant percentage of these arise from _______

A

BRCA 1/2 and fallopian tube epithelium

24
Q

T/F Most serous tumors are malignant vs borderline or benign

A

T

25
Q

Borderline tumors have high/low malignant potential.

A

low

26
Q

Is there invasion in borderline tumors?

A

No stromal invasion!

27
Q

Implants

A

not considered metastases –> extraovarian lesions with borderline tumors

28
Q

borderline tumors with invasive implants act like ____

A

low grade carcinomas

29
Q

Stage I borderline ovarian tumors

A

confined to ovary; if noninvasive implants –> 100% survival

30
Q

Metastatic tumors of ovary are hard to distinguish from ___

A

primary mucionous ovarian tumors

31
Q

Primary ovarian mucinous tumors are almost always uni/bilateral and large/small

A

unilateral and large

32
Q

Metatstatic tumors of the ovary tend to be uni/bilateral and small/large

A

bilateral and small

33
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

special form of bilateral metastasis to ovary that is solid

34
Q

Classical Krukenberg histology

A

signet ring tumor cells –> breast and stomach cancer

35
Q

Germ cell ovarian tumors are ____ >95% of the time

A

benign dermoid cyst/cystic teratoma

36
Q

For 0-30 year old age group, ___ are hte most common malignant tumors.

A

dysgerminoma (germ cell tumor)

37
Q

dermoid cyst

A

benign, common form of germ cell tumor in ovary

38
Q

malignant transformation of a dermoid cyst is rare/common

A

rare

39
Q

Dysgerminoma

A

uncommon but most common malignant germ cell tumor –> can be bilateral; excellent prognosis

40
Q

Sex cord stromal tumors arise from ____

A

granulosa and thecal cells

41
Q

Most benign granulosa-stromal cell tumors are

A

thecoma-fibroma

42
Q

Most of clinically malignant sex-cord stromal tumors are ___

A

granulosa cell tumors –> all have malignant potential

43
Q

Granulosa cell tumors can produce estrogens and cause _____

A

endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma

44
Q

granulosa cells in tumors form follicles called ___

A

call-exner bodies

45
Q

coffee bean nuclei with grooves

A

granulosa cell tumor

46
Q

____ tumors have a lot of lipid

A

thecoma

47
Q

____ tumors have no hormone production and are associated with two rare syndromes

A

ovarian fibroma

48
Q

two syndromes associated with ovarian fibroma

A

meigs, gorlins

49
Q

meigs’ syndrome

A

ascities and pleural effusion

50
Q

gorlins’ syndrome

A

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome –> multiple fibromas

51
Q

bundles of spindle cells are what kind of tumor?

A

ovarian fibroma

Reproductive (38 decks)

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