Pathology of Male Reproductive Tract - Testis and Epidymis

Question 1

Hormone effects are pre/testicular/post

Answer 1

pre testicular

Question 2

Failure of immediate coagulation of semen suggests ______

Answer 2

absence of seminal vesicles

Question 3

_____ is secondary to congenital defect in GnRH secretion by hypothalamus and is associated with cranio-facial defects, maldescended gonads, and anosmia.

Answer 3

Kallman’s

Question 4

_____ is associated with pituitary microadenmoa and gynecomastia.

Answer 4

hyperprolactinemia

Question 5

_______ involves loss of 21 hydroxylase which prevents progesterone converting to cortisol and instead converts to testosterone.

Answer 5

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 6

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: 15q

Answer 6

prader willi

Question 7

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: trisomy 21

Answer 7

down’s

Question 8

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: xxy

Answer 8

klinefelter

Question 9

Predominant pattern of injury in cryptorchidism

Answer 9

decrease spermatogenesis, decrease tubular diameter, hyalinization and thickening of tubular basement membrane

Question 10

T/F leydig cells are often spared in cryptorchidism and may show hyperplasia

Answer 10

T

Question 11

How does infection cause infertility?

Answer 11

fibrosis due to immune response can cause obstruction

Question 12

MOA Cystic fibrosis related post testicular infertility

Answer 12

epididymal cysts and absence of vas deferens

Question 13

_____ can be seen as a result of varicocele, prior vasectomy, mumps orchitis

Answer 13

germ cell sloughing

Question 14

Sertoli cell only syndrome is seen when?

Answer 14

deficiency in lh/fsh, cryptorchidism, klinefelters, germ cell migration issues

Question 15

T/F testicular tumors are more common in whites than blacks

Answer 15

T

Question 16

____testicular tumors are very radiosensitive

Answer 16

seminoma

Question 17

Which genetic abnormality is most common in testicular tumors?

Answer 17

isochromosome on the short arm of chromosome 12 = i12p

Question 18

If neoplastic testicular cells look like germ cells, it is a ____

Answer 18

seminoma

Question 19

If neoplastic testicular cells starts differentiating, it is a ____

Answer 19

embryonal carcinoma

Question 20

If embryonal carcinoma undergoes extra embryonic differentiation, it is a ____

Answer 20

yolk sac tumor or choriocarcinoma

Question 21

If embryonal carcinoma undergoes furtherembryonic embryonic differentiation, it is a ____

Answer 21

teratoma

Question 22

intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCNU)

Answer 22

cancer cells are confined to tubules –> seen adjacent to all germ cell tumors in adults except spermatocytic seminoma

Question 23

most common pure germ cell tumor composed of relatively uniform cells with abundant clear cytoplasm ,well defined cell borders, and nuclei with one or more prominent nucleoli.

Answer 23

seminomaq

Question 24

_____ are like seminomas but occur in extragonadal sites

Answer 24

germinomas or dysgerminomas in females

Question 25

T/F most seminomas are painless

Answer 25

T

Question 26

In seminoma which serum markers are negative?

Answer 26

HCG and AFP

Question 27

Seminomas are associated with infiltration by what kind of cell?

Answer 27

lymphocte

Question 28

Germ cell tumor composed of cells with epithelial appearance and marked cytologic atypia.

Answer 28

embryonal carcinoma

Question 29

Prognosis of embryonal carcinoma

Answer 29

poorest of GCT --> very aggressive with metastasis

Question 30

Cure rate of seminoma

Answer 30

stage 1 and 2 > 95%

Question 31

Cure rate of embryonal carcinoma

Answer 31

stage 1 > 95

Question 32

GCT characterized by a variety of growth patterns that recapitulate yolk sac, allantois and extraembryonic mesenchyme

Answer 32

yolk sac tumor

Question 33

T/F embyronal carcinoma does not occur in children

Answer 33

T

Question 34

T/F yolk sac tumors do not occur in children

Answer 34

F --> 75% of childhood testicular tumors are YST

Question 35

Lacelike or reticular growth pattern

Answer 35

YST

Question 36

Schiller Duval bodies

Answer 36

structures resembling endodermal sinus = yst

Question 37

High serum AFP is associated with what kind of tumor?

Answer 37

YST

Question 38

Prognosis of YST children vs adults

Answer 38

children do better

Question 39

GCT composed of mononucleated cytotrophoblast and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 39

choriocarcinoma

Question 40

Hemorrhage is a hallmark of what GCT?

Answer 40

choriocarcinoma

Question 41

High HCG is associated with what GCT

Answer 41

choriocarcinoma --> higher hcg = worse prognosis (worst of all GCTs)

Question 42

Tumors with more than one somatic tissue of different germinal layers

Answer 42

teratoma

Question 43

Mature teratoma

Answer 43

can recognize matured aspects like teeth or glands (vs. immature when there is lots of undifferentiated cells)

Question 44

Most common neoplastic transformation of immature teratoma

Answer 44

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (in addition to wilms tumor, angiosarcoma)

Question 45

2 main carcinomatous transformations of immature teratomas

Answer 45

squamous cell and adenocarcinoma

Question 46

T/F teratomas in children are considered benign

Answer 46

T