FINAL 07 - Introduction to Fungi

Question 1

Are eukaryotic organisms that are nonmotile and has rigid cell walls

Answer 1

Fungi

Question 2

Made up of unbranched polymer of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (Components of fungi cell wall)

Answer 2

Chitin

Question 3

Made up of glucose polymers (Components of fungi cell wall)

Answer 3

Glucans

Question 4

Made up of polymers of mannose (Components of fungi cell wall)

Answer 4

Mannans

Question 5

Found in dematiaceous fungi (Components of fungi cell wall)

Answer 5

Melanin

Question 6

Are unicellular fungi that are nonfilamentous, with spherical/oval cells, and is facultatively anaerobic

Answer 6

Yeast

Question 7

Are multicellular fungi that are filamentous

Answer 7

Mold

Question 8

Refers to the body of mold that is formed by mycelium; composed of hyphae and spores

Answer 8

Thallus

Question 9

Refers to a mass of intertwined hyphae found in the thallus (body) of mold

Answer 9

Mycelium

Question 10

2 components of thallus (body) of mold (HS)

Answer 10

Hyphae, Spores

Question 11

Long filaments of cells joined together (Components of thallus/body of mold)

Answer 11

Hyphae

Question 12

Have cross-walls between uninucleated cells (Types of hyphae)

Answer 12

Septate hyphae

Question 13

Have long continuous cells with many nuclei (Types of hyphae)

Answer 13

Coenocytic hyphae

Question 14

Penetrate the supporting medium, anchor the colony, and absorb nutrients (Types of hyphae)

Answer 14

Vegetative/substrate hyphae

Question 15

Project above the surface of the mycelium and bear reproductive spores (Types of hyphae)

Answer 15

Reproductive/aerial hyphae

Question 16

Fungi that exhibit 2 forms of growth, either as mold or yeast; is temperature-dependent

Answer 16

Dimorphic fungi

Question 17

At __________°C, dimorphic fungi is yeastlike; they reproduce by budding

Answer 17

37°C

Question 18

At __________°C, dimorphic fungi is moldlike; they produce hyphae

Answer 18

25°C

Question 19

Divide unevenly (Types of yeasts)

Answer 19

Budding yeasts

Question 20

Are short chain of cells formed by buds that fail to detach themselves

Answer 20

Pseudohyphae

Question 21

Divide evenly (Types of yeasts)

Answer 21

Fission yeasts

Question 22

Spores formed from the hyphae of 1 parent organism via mitosis (Types of spores)

Answer 22

Asexual spores

Question 23

2 types of asexual spores (CS)

Answer 23

Condiospore/Conidium, Sporangiospore

Question 24

Spores not enclosed within a sac at the end of an aerial hyphae (Types of asexual spores)

Answer 24

Condiospore/Conidium

Question 25

Spores enclosed within a sac at the end of an aerial hyphae (Types of asexual spores)

Answer 25

Sporangiospore

Question 26

Spores formed from the fusion of nuclei of 2 opposite mating strains of the same species (Types of spores)

Answer 26

Sexual spores

Question 27

3 phases of sexual reproduction of spores (PKM)

Answer 27

Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, Meiosis

Question 28

A haploid nucleus of a donor cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell (Phases of sexual reproduction of spores)

Answer 28

Plasmogamy

Question 29

The donor and recipient cell nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus (Phases of sexual reproduction of spores)

Answer 29

Karyogamy

Question 30

The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei (sexual spores), some of which may be genetic recombinants (Phases of sexual reproduction of spores)

Answer 30

Meiosis

Question 31

Sexual stage (Fungal life cycle)

Answer 31

Teleomorph

Question 32

Asexual stage (Fungal life cycle)

Answer 32

Anamorph

Question 33

Whole fungus, including the anamorph and teleomorph (Fungal life cycle)

Answer 33

Holomorph

Question 34

Has both sexual and asexual stage (Fungal life cycle)

Answer 34

Perfect fungi

Question 35

Has asexual stage only; no sexual stage (Fungal life cycle)

Answer 35

Imperfect fungi

Question 36

Refers to conjugation fungi; are saprophytic molds with coenocytic hyphae

Answer 36

Zygomycota

Question 37

Sexual spores of zygomycota are called __________

Answer 37

Zygospores

Question 38

Asexual spores of zygomycota are called __________

Answer 38

Sporangiospore

Question 39

Zygomycota is now split into __________ and __________ (MZ)

Answer 39

Mucoromycota, Zoopagomycota

Question 40

Are unusual eukaryotes because they lack mitochondria; they do not have microtubules and are obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 40

Microsporidia

Question 41

Refers to sac fungi; are molds with septate hyphae and has the largest fungal division

Answer 41

Ascomycota

Question 42

Sexual spores of ascomycota are called __________

Answer 42

Ascospores

Question 43

Asexual spores of ascomycota are called __________

Answer 43

Conidiospores

Question 44

Refers to club fungi; it includes mushrooms

Answer 44

Basidiomycota

Question 45

Sexual spores of basidiomycota are called __________

Answer 45

Basidiospores

Question 46

Asexual spores of basidiomycota are called __________

Answer 46

Conidiospores

Question 47

Caused by ingestion of toxic mushroom (Fungal diseases)

Answer 47

Mycetismus

Question 48

Caused by ingestion of fungal toxin produced by molds (Fungal diseases)

Answer 48

Mycotoxicosis

Question 49

Characterized by rhinitis, bronchial asthma, alveolitis, and generalized pneumonitis; caused by fungal spores (Fungal diseases)

Answer 49

Hypersensitivity

Question 50

Refers to fungal infection; may be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, primary systemic, and opportunistic systemic (Fungal diseases)

Answer 50

Mycosis

Question 51

Also known as fly agaric; causes mycetismus

Answer 51

Amanita muscaria

Question 52

Also known as death cap; causes mycetismus

Answer 52

Amanita phalloides

Question 53

Acquired from rye or other cereal grains; can restrict blood flow in the limbs (Examples of mycotoxicosis)

Answer 53

Ergot poisoning

Question 54

Ergot poisoning is caused by __________

Answer 54

Claviceps purpurea

Question 55

Aflatoxin poisoning is caused by __________

Answer 55

Aspergillus flavus

Question 56

Acquired from peanuts; causes cirrhosis and cancer of the liver (Examples of mycotoxicosis)

Answer 56

Aflatoxin poisoning

Question 57

Localized along hair shafts and in superficial epidermal cells (Types of mycoses)

Answer 57

Superficial mycoses

Question 58

Keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails; transmitted through direct contact (Types of mycoses)

Answer 58

Cutaneous mycoses

Question 59

Tissues beneath the skin; transmitted through direct implantation of spores into a puncture wound in the skin (Types of mycoses)

Answer 59

Subcutaneous

Question 60

Many organs deep within the body; transmitted through inhalation (Types of mycoses)

Answer 60

Primary systemic