PRELIM 02 - Microbial Growth and its Control

Question 1

__________ increase in number not size

Answer 1

Microbial growth

Question 2

Time required for a cell to divide and its population to double

Answer 2

Generation time

Question 3

Temperature (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 3

Physical

Question 4

pH (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 4

Physical

Question 5

Osmotic pressure (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 5

Physical

Question 6

Carbon (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 6

Chemical

Question 7

Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 7

Chemical

Question 8

Trace elements (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 8

Chemical

Question 9

Oxygen (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 9

Chemical

Question 10

Organic growth factors (Type of requirement for microbial growth)

Answer 10

Chemical

Question 11

pH of most bacteria

Answer 11

6.5-7.5

Question 12

pH of acidophiles

Answer 12

1

Question 13

pH of fungi

Answer 13

5-6

Question 14

Organisms that can grow at high salt concentrations

Answer 14

Extreme halophiles

Question 15

High osmotic pressure (hypertonic) results to __________

Answer 15

Plasmolysis (shrinkage)

Question 16

Low osmotic pressure (hypotonic) results to __________

Answer 16

Swelling

Question 17

The structural backbone of living matter; it is half the dry weight of bacterial cell

Answer 17

Carbon

Question 18

2 types of carbon sources

Answer 18

Chemoheterotrophs, Chemoautotrophs & photoautotrophs

Question 19

A type of carbon source that get carbon from organism materials such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

Answer 19

Chemoheterotrophs

Question 20

A type of carbon source that get carbon from carbon dioxide

Answer 20

Chemoautotrophs & photoautotrophs

Question 21

3 elements needed in the synthesis of biomolecules

Answer 21

Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus

Question 22

Elements required in small amounts and are usually needed as cofactors

Answer 22

Trace elements

Question 23

4 examples of trace elements

Answer 23

Fe, Cu, Mo, Zn

Question 24

Are essential organic compounds which includes vitamins, amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines

Answer 24

Organic growth factors

Question 25

A thin, slimy layer encasing bacteria that adheres to a surface

Answer 25

Biofilm

Question 26

A complex polymer containing many times its dry weight in water

Answer 26

Hydrogel

Question 27

A microorganism that form biofilms on teeth and gums, contributing to dental plaque and dental caries

Answer 27

Streptococcus mutans

Question 28

Destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life, including endospores but with the possible exception of prions

Answer 28

Sterilization

Question 29

Sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of Clostridium botulinum in canned food

Answer 29

Commercial sterilization

Question 30

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects

Answer 30

Disinfection

Question 31

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue

Answer 31

Antisepsis

Question 32

Removal of microbes from a limited area, such as the skin around an injection site

Answer 32

Degerming

Question 33

Treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public health levels

Answer 33

Sanitization

Question 34

Chemical that kills microorganisms

Answer 34

Biocide/Germicide

Question 35

Inhibits the growth and multiplication of bacteria

Answer 35

Static

Question 36

State of bacterial contamination

Answer 36

Sepsis

Question 37

State of absence of contamination

Answer 37

Asepsis

Question 38

Practices that exclude all organisms from contaminating media or contacting living tissues

Answer 38

Aseptic technique

Question 39

2 methods used in control of microbial growth

Answer 39

Physical, Chemical

Question 40

4 phases of microbial growth

Answer 40

Lag, Log, Stationary, Death

Question 41

Intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population (Phases of microbial growth)

Answer 41

Lag phase

Question 42

Logarithmic or exponential increase in population (Phases of microbial growth)

Answer 42

Log phase

Question 43

Period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new cells (Phases of microbial growth)

Answer 43

Stationary phase

Question 44

Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate (Phases of microbial growth)

Answer 44

Death phase

Question 45

Only aerobic growth; oxygen is required (Type of microbe according to oxygen requirement)

Answer 45

Obligate aerobes

Question 46

Both aerobic and anaerobic growth; greater growth in the presence of oxygen (Type of microbe according to oxygen requirement)

Answer 46

Facultative anaerobes

Question 47

Only anaerobic growth; growth ceases in the presence of oxygen

Answer 47

Obligate anaerobes

Question 48

Only anaerobic growth; but growth continues in the presence of oxygen

Answer 48

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 49

Only aerobic growth; oxygen required in low concentration

Answer 49

Microaerophiles