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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Microbiology > Flashcards

PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

5 types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae

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4
Q

Microbes that live stably in and on the human body

A

Microbiome

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5
Q

Other name for microbiome

A

Microbiota

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6
Q

2 types of microbiota

A

Normal, Transient

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7
Q

Microbiota that indefinitely colonize the body

A

Normal microbiota

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8
Q

Microbiota that transiently colonize the body

A

Transient microbiota

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9
Q

A viscous (sticky), gelatinous polymer that is external to the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

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10
Q

2 types of glycocalyx

A

Capsule, Slime layer

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11
Q

Glycocalyx that contributes to bacterial virulence and protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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12
Q

Are long, filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

A

Flagella

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13
Q

The movement of bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus

A

Taxis

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14
Q

2 types of taxis

A

Chemotaxis, Phototaxis

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15
Q

Type of taxis where the stimulus is chemicals

A

Chemotaxis

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16
Q

Type of taxis where the stimulus is light

A

Phototaxis

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17
Q

Are bundles of fibrils that spiral around the cell; structure for motility in spirochetes

A

Axial filaments

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18
Q

Other name of axial filaments

A

Endoflagella

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19
Q

Fimbriae and pili consists of a protein called __________ arranged helically around a central core

A

Pilin

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20
Q

A hairlike appendage that adheres to surfaces and present in few to several hundred per cell

A

Fimbriae

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21
Q

A hairlike appendage that is longer and fewer than fimbriae (1-2/cell) and used for motility and DNA transfer

A

Pili

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22
Q

A complex, semirigid structure that prevents bacterial cell rupture

A

Cell wall

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23
Q

Cell wall is present in all bacteria, except __________ and __________

A

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma

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24
Q

Component of cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan/Murein

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25
Meaning of NAG
N-acetylglucosamine
26
Meaning of NAM
N-acetylmuramic acid
27
Type of cell wall that has many layers of peptidoglycan, forming a thick and rigid structure
Gram-positive cell wall
28
Type of cell wall that has one or very few layers of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane
Gram-negative cell wall
29
Component of the outer members that is composed of lipids and carbohydrates
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
30
Released when gram negative bacteria die; causes fever, shock, blood clotting, and dilation of blood vessels
Lipid A (Endotoxin)
31
Polysaccharide that has a structural function
Core polysaccharide
32
Polysaccharide that functions as an antigen
O polysaccharide
33
Space between inner membrane and outer membrane
Periplasmic space
34
Type of cell wall that is present in Mycobacterium and Nocardia
Acid-fast cell wall
35
Acid-fast cell wall is present in _________ and __________
Mycobacterium, Nocardia
36
A hydrophobic waxy lipid that is present in acid-fast cell wall
Mycolic acid
37
Cell organelle found inside the cell wall and encloses the cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
38
Plasma membrane lacks sterols, except in __________ and __________
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma
39
Structure of plasma membrane
Fluid mosaic model
40
The substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
41
Site of protein synthesis; gives the cell a granular appearance
Ribosomes
42
2 subunits of a complete 70s ribosome
Large (50s), Small (30s)
43
Granules of inorganic phosphate (polyphosphate) that can be used in the synthesis of ATP
Metachromic granules
44
Granules made of glycogen and starch
Polysaccharide granules
45
Inclusions made of lipids
Lipid inclusions
46
Granules containing sulfur and S-containing compounds
Sulfur granules
47
Contains ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase
Carboxysomes
48
Are hollow cavities
Gas vacuoles
49
Contain ferric oxide
Magnetosomes
50
Has no nuclear envelope; contains a single long, continuous, and circularly double stranded DNA
Nucleoid
51
A single long, continuous, and circularly double-stranded DNA
Bacterial chromosome
52
Extrachromosomal DNA; are small and usually circular, double-stranded DNA
Plasmid
53
Specialized "resting" cells; are highly durable dehydrated cells and can survive extreme heat
Endospores
54
Endospores contain high amounts of __________ and __________
Dipicolinic acid (DPA), Calcium ions
55
Endospores are present in __________ and __________
Clostridium, Bacillus
56
Process of an endospore formation
Sporulation/Sporogenesis
57
Process of an endospore's return to vegetative state
Germination
58
2 types of prokaryotes
Bacteria, Archaeabacteria
59
Unicellular prokaryotes; have peptidoglycan walls and reproduce by binary fission
Bacteria
60
Are prokaryotes that live in extreme environments and carry out unusual metabolic processes
Archaeabacteria
61
3 types of archaeabacteria
Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, Hyperthermophiles
62
Type of archaebacteria that are obligate anaerobes that produce CH4 from CO2 and H2
Methanogens
63
Type of archaebacteria that require high concentrations of salt for survival
Extreme halophiles
64
Type of archaeabacteria that grows in extremely hot environments
Hyperthermophiles
65
3 types of eukaryotes
Fungi, Protists, Animal parasites
66
Are eukaryotes that may be unicellular or multicellular, have chitin cell walls, and reproduce sexually or asexually
Fungi
67
Are eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals
Protists
68
2 types of protists
Protozoa, Algae
69
Are unicellular non photosynthetic protists; reproduce sexually or asexually
Protozoa
70
Are unicellular photosynthetic protists; have cellulose cell walls and produce sexually or asexually
Algae
71
Are multicellular eukaryotes
Animal parasites
72
2 types of animal parasites
Flatworms, Roundworms
73
Acellular obligatory intracellular parasites that multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell
Viruses
74
Infectious proteinaceous particle
Prions

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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