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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 03 - Enteric and Other Gram-Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

MIDTERM 03 - Enteric and Other Gram-Negative Bacilli Flashcards

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1
Q

A large, heterogenous group of gram-negative rods whose natural habitat is the intestinal tract of humans and animals; are facultative anaerobes, catalase positive, and oxidase negative

A

Enterobacteriaceae/Enteric gram-negative bacilli/Coliforms

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2
Q

Test for Enterobacteriaceae that detects the ability to produce indole from tryptophan (IMViC test)

A

Indole test

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3
Q

Test for Enterobacteriaceae that detects the ability to produce acids (IMViC test)

A

Methyl red test

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4
Q

Test for Enterobacteriaceae that detects the ability to produce acetoin (IMViC test)

A

Voges-Proskauer test

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5
Q

Test for Enterobacteriaceae that detects the ability to utilize citrate (IMViC test)

A

Citrate test

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6
Q

3 media for Enterobacteriaceae that tests the ability to ferment lactose (EMD)

A

EMB medium, MacConkey medium, Deoxycholate medium

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7
Q

3 enterobacteriaceae that are rapid lactose fermenters (KEE)

A

Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter

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8
Q

6 enterobacteriaceae that are late lactose fermenters (ESCAPE)

A

Edwardsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Arizona, Providencia, Erwinia

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9
Q

Most external part of the cell wall LPS and consists of repeating units of polysaccharide (Antigenic structures of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

O antigens

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10
Q

External to O antigens on some but not all Enterobacteriaceae (Antigenic structures of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

K antigens

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11
Q

Located on flagella; denatured or removed by heat or alcohol (Antigenic structures of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

H antigens

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12
Q

Most common cause of UTI; also causes sepsis and meningitis (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

Escherichia coli

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13
Q

Causes diarrhea in infants (Diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli)

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

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14
Q

Causes traveler’s diarrhea (Diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli)

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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15
Q

Causes mild non-bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (Diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli)

A

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)

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16
Q

Exhibits symptoms similar to shigellosis (Diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli)

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

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17
Q

Causes acute and chronic diarrhea, and traveler’s diarrhea and persistent diarrhea in patients with HIV (Diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli)

A

Enteroaggressive E. coli (EAEC)

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18
Q

Treatment for Escherichia coli

A

Fluoroquinolones

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19
Q

An Enterobacteriaceae that has a capsule made of K antigens; causes hospital-acquired pneumonia (Klebsiella species)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae/Friedlander’s Bacillus

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20
Q

An Enterobacteriaceae also known as Calymmatobacterium granulomatis; causes granuloma inguinale/donovanosis (Klebsiella species)

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

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21
Q

An STD that is a chronic genital ulcerative disease that produces pseudobuboes (subcutenous granulomas) (Clinical findings of Klebsiella granulomatis)

A

Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis

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22
Q

Treatment for Klebsiella granulomatis

A

Azithromycin

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23
Q

2 Enterobacteriaceae that causes hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, UTI, and wound and device infections (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes

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24
Q

A common opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized patients; causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)

A

Serratia marcescens

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25
2 Proteus sp. that produces infections in humans only when the bacteria leave the intestinal tract; produces ureases (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)
Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris
26
Enzyme produced by Proteus sp. that hydrolyzes urea with the liberation of ammonia
Urease
27
Are members of the normal intestinal microbiota; causes UTIs (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)
Providencia
28
Causes UTI and sepsis principally among debilitated hospitalized patients; associated with meningitis in infants <2 months of age (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)
Citrobacter
29
Its natural habitat is limited to the intestinal tracts of humans and other primates; causes shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)
Shigella
30
Shigella causes __________, also known as bacillary dysentery
Shigellosis
31
Are exotoxins produced by Shigella that is heat-labile, antigenic, enterotoxic, and neurotoxic
Shigella toxins
32
Treatment/DOC for Shigella (for severe infections)
Ceftriaxone
33
Are peritrichous bacteria that usually produce H2S and is pathogenic for humans or animals when acquired by the oral route (Examples of Enterobacteriaceae)
Salmonella
34
2 main species of Salmonella (SE, SB)
Salmonella enterica, Salmonella bongori
35
Salmonella is cultured using __________
Bismuth sulfite agar
36
Salmonella that causes typhoid fever
Typhoidal salmonella
37
Salmonella that do not cause typhoid ever
Non-typhoidal salmonella
38
Blood culture is positive in first to second weeks of the disease; Stool culture is positive from second week on (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Enteric fever/Typhoid fever
39
Blood culture is positive during high fever; Stool culture is infrequently positive (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Septicemias
40
Blood culture is negative; Stool culture is positive soon after onset (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Enterocolitis
41
Caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi; characterized by fever, malaise, headache, constipation, bradycardia, and myalgia (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)
42
Associated commonly with the Salmonella serotype choleraesius; characterized by focal lesions in lungs, bones, and meninges and usually has no intestinal manifestations (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Bacteremia
43
Most common manifestation of salmonella infection; S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are prominent causes; characterized by nausea, headache, vomiting, and profuse diarrhea (Clinical findings of Salmonella)
Enterocolitis
44
Treatment for Salmonella
Azithromycin PO
45
An enterobacteriaceae characterized by bipolar staining with Wright, Giemsa, Wayson, or methylene blue stain; transmitted from rodent to rodent or rodent to humans (Yersinia species)
Yersinia pestis
46
Main clinical finding for Yersinia pestis; also known as the Black Death of Medieval Europe
Plague
47
3 types of plague (BSP)
Bubonic, Septicemia, Pneumonic
48
Characterized by high fever, painful lymphadenopathy, and enlarged tender nodes (buboes) in the neck, groin, or axillae (Types of plague)
Bubonic plague
49
Characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, DIC, hypotension, altered mental status, renal and cardiac failure, and necrosis of the extremities (Types of plague)
Septicemic plague
50
Characterized by chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and severe respiratory distress (Types of plague)
Pneumonic plague
51
3 treatments for Yersinia pestis (SDG)
Streptomycin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin
52
An Enterobacteriaceae that causes gastroenteritis or mesenteric lymphadenitis after ingestion of contaminated food or water (Yersinia species)
Yersinia enterocolitica
53
Most common bacteria in surface waters worldwide; are comma-shaped and halotolerant (Examples of gram-negative bacilli)
Vibrio sp.
54
Cultured using Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile-Sucrose (TCBS) agar; is oxidase-positive and caused six pandemics in the past (Vibrio species)
Vibrio cholerae
55
Characterized by sudden onset of nausea and vomiting, as well as rice water stools (20-30 L/day) (Clinical findings of Vibrio cholerae)
Cholera
55
Vibrio cholerae is cultured using __________ agar
Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile-Sucrose agar
56
Is an electrolyte-rich diarrhea from cholera with mucus, epithelial cells, vibrios, and can lead to dehydration, anuria, shock, acidosis, and death
Rice water stool
57
Causes acute gastroenteritis after ingestion of contaminated seafood such as raw fish or shellfish (Vibrio species)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
58
Causes severe wound infections, bacteremia, and gastroenteritis after oyster consumption (Vibrio species)
Vibrio vulnificus
59
A comma shaped bacteria that is microaerophilic, oxidase and catalase positive, and is cultured using Skirrow's medium (Examples of gram-negative bacilli)
Camphylobacter jejuni
60
Campylobacter jejuni is cultured using __________ medium
Skirrow's medium
61
Characterized by acute onset of crampy abdominal pain, profuse diarrhea that may grossly blood, headache, malaise, and fever (Clinical findings of Campylobacter jejuni)
Campylobacteriosis
62
Characterized by ascending paralytic disease (Clinical findings of Campylobacter jejuni)
Postdiarrheal Guillain-Barre syndrome
63
A spiral shaped, gram-negative lophotrichous rod that is microaerophilic, oxidase and catalase positive, and produces urease; is cultured using Skirrow's medium (Examples of gram-negative bacilli)
Helicobacter pylori
64
Helicobacter pylori produces __________
Urease
65
Helicobacter pylori is cultured using __________ medium
Skirrow's medium
66
Medium used for Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori that has reduced O2 and added CO2
Skirrow's medium
67
Test used to detect Helicobacter pylori; 13C or 14C labeled urea is ingested by the patient and urease labeled CO2 that can be detected in the patient's exhaled breath
Urea breath test
68
Characterized by epigastric pain, vomiting, fever, and bloody stools (Clinical findings of Helicobacter pylori)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
69
3 treatments for Helicobacter pylori (TPQ)
Triple therapy, PPI for 6 weeks, Quadruple therapy
70
A gram-negative, motile, obligate aerobic rod which produce water-soluble pigments (Examples of gram-negative bacilli)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
71
A pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is fluoroscent green
Pyoverdine
72
A pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is nonfluoroscent blue
Pyocyanin
73
A pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is dark red
Pyorubin
74
A pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is brown-black
Pyomelanin
75
Used for attachment (Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigenic structures)
Pili, Fimbriae
76
Responsible for tissue necrosis; major virulence factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigenic structures)
Exotoxin A
77
Occurs due to lumbar puncture (Clinical findings of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Meningitis
78
Occurs due to catheters (Clinical findings of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
UTI
79
Occurs due to respirators (Clinical findings of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Necrotizing pneumonia
80
Characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin surrounded by erythema and has no pus (Clinical findings of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Ecthyma gangrenosum
81
Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P+T)
Piperacillin + Tobramycin
82
Causes melioidosis/Whitemore's disease (cutaneous, pulmonary, bacteremic, disseminated infection) (Burkholderia species)
Burkholderia pseudomallei
83
Causes endocarditis, septicemia, wounds, and UTIs (Burkholderia species)
Burkholderia cepacia

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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