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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 02 - Gram-Negative Coccobacilli and Cocci > Flashcards

MIDTERM 02 - Gram-Negative Coccobacilli and Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

A species of gram-negative coccobacilli found on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract

A

Haemophilus sp.

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2
Q

Enriched medium for Haemophilus sp.

A

Chocolate agar plate

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3
Q

An enriched medium for Haemophilus sp. that is made up RBCs that are lysed by slowly heating it to 80°C

A

Chocolate agar plate

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4
Q

Contains a polysaccharide capsule; has 6 types, from A-F (Haemophilus species)

A

Haemophilus influenzae/ Pfeiffer’s bacillus

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5
Q

Contains polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP); is the major virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae

A

Type B Haemophilus influenzae

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6
Q

Haemophilus influenzae was the most common cause of __________ and __________ in children during the pre-vaccine era

A

Bacterial meningitis, Community-acquired pneumonia

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is the second most common cause of __________ and __________ (OA)

A

Otitis media, Acute sinusitis

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8
Q

Now rare; characterized by high fever, sore throat, dyspnea, and rapidly progressing respiratory obstruction (Clinical findings of Haemophilus influenzae)

A

Acute epiglottitis

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9
Q

2 treatments for Haemophilus influenzae (CC)

A

3rd-generation cephalosporins, Carbapenems

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10
Q

Prevention for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugated vaccine

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11
Q

Most common Haemophilus species isolated from cases of HACEK endocarditis (Haemophilus species)

A

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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12
Q

A group of fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative bacteria; causes severe systemic infections

A

HACEK group

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13
Q

Associated with the highly communicable form of conjunctivitis (pinkeye) in children (Haemophilus species)

A

Haemophilus aegyptius/Koch-Weeks bacillus

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14
Q

Causes chancroid (soft chancre), an STD characterized by a ragged ulcer on the genitalia, with marked swelling and tenderness (Haemophilus species)

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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15
Q

An STD characterized by a ragged ulcer on the genitalia, with marked swelling and tenderness (Clinical findings of Haemophilus ducreyi)

A

Chancroid (Soft chancre)

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16
Q

A gram-negative coccobacilli that is cultured in Bordet-Gengou medium and Regan-Lowe medium

A

Bordetella pertussis

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17
Q

2 media used to culture Bordetella pertussis (BR)

A

Bordet-Gengou medium, Regan-Lowe medium

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18
Q

Media used for culturing Bordetella pertussis that is composed of potato-blood-glycerol agar and penicillin

A

Bordet-Gengou medium

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19
Q

Media used for culturing Bordetella pertussis that is composed of charcoal horse blood-cephalexin-amphotericin B

A

Regan-Lowe medium

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20
Q

Used for adhesion to ciliated epithelial cells and tracheal colonization (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin & fimbriae

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21
Q

Promotes lymphocytosis, sensitization to histamine, and enhanced insulin secretion (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)

A

Pertussis toxin

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22
Q

Damages and kills respiratory ciliated epithelial cells, resulting in the inability to move mucus (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)

A

Tracheal cytotoxin & Lipooligosaccharide

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23
Q

A respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis that has a catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescence stage (Clinical findings of Bordetella pertussis)

A

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

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24
Q

Occurs after a 2 week incubation period; characterized by mild coughing and sneezing, and the patient is highly infectious but not very ill (Stages of pertussis)

A

Catarrhal stage

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25
Characterized by explosive cough, with "whoop" upon inhalation, and lymphocytosis (Stages of pertussis)
Paroxysmal stage
26
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis in the catarrhal stage
Erythromycin
27
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis used to prevent anoxic damage
O2 inhalation and sedation
28
3 vaccines used for Bordetella pertussis prevention
DPT, DTap, Tdap
29
Refers to the whole inactivated pertussis vaccine (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
DPT
30
Refers to the acellular pertussis vaccine with inactivated pertussis toxin; has fewer side effects but more expensive (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
DTap
31
Refers to the vaccine that has smaller concentration of diphtheria toxoids and pertussis antigens (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
Tdap
32
A gram-negative coccobacilli that is zoonotic and are obligate intracellular parasites of animals and humans
Brucella sp.
33
Preferred host of Brucella melitensis
Goats
34
Preferred host of Brucella suis
Swine
35
Preferred host of Brucella abortus
Cattle
36
Preferred host of Brucella canis
Dogs
37
Through cuts or abrasions in the skin or of the conjunctiva (Brucella sp. transmission)
Inoculation
38
Through infectious aerosols (Brucella sp. transmission)
Inhalation
39
Through contaminated meat or dairy products (Brucella sp. transmission)
Ingestion
40
Through contact with an infected animal (Brucella sp. transmission)
Contact
41
Occurs in humans; characterized by malaise, fever, weakness, aches, and sweats (Clinical findings of Brucella sp.)
Brucellosis (Undulant fever/Malta fever)
42
Occurs in animals; due to erythritol in the animal placenta (Clinical findings of Brucella sp.)
Abortion
43
2 treatments for Brucella sp. (D+S/G, D+R)
Doxycycline + Streptomycin/Gentamicin, Doxycycline + Rifampin
44
A gram-negative coccobacilli that is zoonotic and is a highly infectious and a potential agent of bioterrorism
Francisella tularensis
45
Culture medium used for culturing Francisella tularensis
Media enriched with cysteine
46
Disease cause by Franciscella tularensis (Clinical findings of Francisella tularensis)
Tularemia
47
Characterized by regional lymph nodes enlargement and necrosis, and lymphadenopathy with ulcers (Types of tularemia)
Ulceroglandular tularemia
48
Characterized by peribronchial inflammation and lcoalized pneumonitis (Types of tularemia)
Pneumonic tularemia
49
Characterized by yellowish granulomatous lesions on the eyelids and preauricular/cervical adenopathy (Types of tularemia)
Oculoglandular tularemia
50
Characterized by lymphadenopathy without ulcers (Types of tularemia)
Glandular tularemia
51
Occurs in the mouth and throat (Types of tularemia)
Oropharyngeal tularemia
52
Characterized by septicemia (Types of tularemia)
Typhoidal tularemia
53
2 treatments used for Francisella tularensis (SG)
Streptomycin, Gentamicin
54
A gram-negative coccobacilli that is the most common organism found in human wounds inflicted by bites from cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
55
Transmission of Pasteurella multocida
Animal bite
56
Treatment/Drug of choice for Pasteurella multocida
Penicillin G
57
2 gram-negative diplococci that are facultative anaerobes and are oxidase positive (NM)
Neisseria sp., Moraxella catarrhalis
58
A gonococci that is cultured using a Thayer-Martin agar plate; causes gonorrhea (Neisseria species)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
59
Culture medium used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; made up of a chocolate agar plate and vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin (VCN)
Thayer-Martin agar plate
60
Antibiotic present in Thayer-Martin agar plate that inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria
Vancomycin
61
Antibiotic present in Thayer-Martin agar plate that inhibits the growth of gram-negative bacteria
Colistin
62
Antifungal present in Thayer-Martin agar plate that inhibits the growth of fungi
Nystatin
63
A Thayer-Martin agar plate that contains trimethoprim that is used to inhibit the growth of Proteus sp.
Modified Thayer-Martin agar plate
64
Adherence and resistance to phagocytosis (Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors)
Pili
65
Adherence to host receptor cells (Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors)
Opa proteins
66
Form pores that control inflow of nutrients to the bacterial cell; prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion within neutrophils (Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors)
Por proteins
67
LPS without O-antigen side chains; major virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors)
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
68
Characterized by urethritis in men and pelvic inflammatory disease in women (Clinical findings of Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Gonorrhea/The Clap/Tulo
69
May lead to blindness in neonates (Clinical findings of Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Gonorrhea ophthalmia neonatorum
70
Treatment/regimen of choice for treating most gonococcal infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CA)
Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin
71
Cultured using chocolate agar plate; has 6 important serogroups associated with disease in humans and is transmitted through droplet and direct contact (Neisseria species)
Neisseria meningitidis
72
Neisseria meningitidis is cultured using __________
Chocolate agar plate
73
Initiate binding to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors)
Pili
74
Responsible for many of the toxic effects (Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors)
Lipid A disaccharide of LPS
75
Characterized by a triad of sudden high fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status; can progress to coma (Clinical findings of Neisseria meningitidis)
Meningitis
76
Characterized by high fever, hemorrhagic rash, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and circulatory collapse (Clinical findings of Neisseria meningitidis)
Fulminant meningococcemia
77
Characterized by bilateral hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands with subsequent adrenal failure (Clinical findings of Neisseria meningitidis)
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
78
Treatment/drug of choice for Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin G
79
2 vaccines used for prevention of Neisseria meningitidis
Tetravalent polysaccharide vaccine, Tetravalent conjugate vaccine
80
A gram-negative diplococci that is cultured in a blood/chocolate agar plate and is a member of the normal microbiota
Moraxella catarrhalis
81
3 most common bacterial causes of sinusitis and otitis media (SMH)
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae
82
A weakly gram-negative cocci that is an obligate intracellular bacteria and is cultured in a yolk sac of embryonated eggs or cell/tissue culture
Chlamydia sp.
83
Environmentally stable infectious particle (transmissible form) (Chlamydia biphasic development cycle)
Elementary body (EB)
84
Intracellular form (Replicative form) (Chlamydia biphasic development cycle)
Reticulate body (RB)
85
Transmitted from eye to eye by infected secretions; is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis that can progress to scarring and blindness (Clinical findings of Chlamydia trachomatis)
Trachoma/Ancient eye disease
86
Acquired by newborns during passage through an infected birth canal; in adults, it causes an irritated eye and mucopurulent or purulent damage (Clinical findings of Chlamydia trachomatis)
Inclusion conjunctivitis
87
Characterized by dysuria, nonpurulent discharge, and frequent urination (Clinical findings of Chlamydia trachomatis)
Nongonococcal urethritis
88
Characterized by suppurative inguinal adenitis (Clinical findings of Chlamydia trachomatis)
Lymphogranuloma venereum
89
An inflammatory arthritis that manifests after several days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection; characterized by a classic triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis (Clinical findings of Chlamydia trachomatis)
Reactive arthritis/Reiter syndrome
90
2 treatments for Chlamydia trachomatis (DA)
Doxycycline, Azithromycin (if pregnant)
91
Causes atypical pneumonia; formerly known as Taiwan acute respiratory agent (TWAR) (Chlamydophila species)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
92
Acquired from contacts with birds; causes psittacosis (Chlamydophila species)
Chlamydophila psittaci
93
Characterized by sudden onset of illness resembling influenza, nonbacterial pneumonia, or typhoid fever (Clinical findings of Chlamydophila psittaci)
Psittacosis/Ornithosis/Parrot fever
94
Characterized by cutaneous, pulmonary, bacteremic, and disseminated infection (Clinical findings of Burkholderia pseudomallei)
Melioidosis/Whitemore's disease

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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