FINAL 08 - Mycoses Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to mycoses localized along hair shafts and in superficial epidermal cells (Types of mycoses)
A
Superficial mycoses
2
Q
A chronic superficial infection of the stratum corneum; characterized by discrete, serpentine, hyper or hypopigmented maculae that develop on the skin (Examples of superficial mycoses)
A
Pityriasis versicolor
3
Q
Common name of pityriasis versicolor
A
Tinea versicolor
4
Q
3 causative agents of pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor) (MG, MF, MS)
A
Malassezia globosa, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis
5
Q
2 diagnostic tests for pityriasis versicolor (KW)
A
KOH mount, Wood lamp
6
Q
The short, unbranched, nonpigmented hyphae and round spores that can be found in a KOH mount used to diagnose pityriasis versicolor resemble ____________
A
Spaghetti and meatballs
7
Q
2 treatments for pityriasis versicolor (ST)
A
Selenium sulfide, Topical/oral azole
8
Q
A chronic and asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum; characterized by dark discoloration often on the palm (Examples of superficial mycoses)
A
Tinea nigra
9
Q
Common name of tinea nigra
A
Tinea nigra palmaris
10
Q
Causative agent of Tinea nigra; a dematiaceous fungi
A
Hortaea werneckii
11
Q
3 treatments for Tinea nigra (KSA)
A
Keratolytic solutions, Salicylic acid, Azole antifungals
12
Q
Characterized by a nodular infection of the hair shaft (Examples of superficial mycoses)
A
Black piedra
13
Q
Causative agent of black piedra; a dematiaceous fungi
A
Piedraia hortae
14
Q
Characterized by larger, softer, yellowish nodules on the hair shaft (Examples of superficial mycoses)
A
White piedra
15
Q
Causative agent of white piedra
A
Trichosporon sp.
16
Q
Refers to mycoses in keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails; transmitted through direct contact (Types of mycoses)
A
Cutaneous mycoses
17
Q
Was mistaken for ringworm or tinea; characterized by raised circular lesions (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)
A
Dermatophytosis
18
Q
Causative agent of dermatophytosis
A
Dermatophytes (such as Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton sp.)
19
Q
Means soil-loving; dermatophytes that cause acute infections
A
Geophilic
20
Q
Means animal-loving; dermatophytes that cause acute infections
A
Zoophilic
21
Q
Means human-loving; dermatophytes that cause chronic infections
A
Anthropophilic
22
Q
Tinea capitis (Location of dermatophytosis)
A
Scalp hair
23
Q
Tinea barbae (Location of dermatophytosis)
A
Beard
24
Q
Tinea faciei (Location of dermatophytosis)
A
Face
25
Tinea manuum (Location of dermatophytosis)
Hands
26
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) (Location of dermatophytosis)
Nails
27
Tinea corporis (Location of dermatophytosis)
Trunk
28
Tinea imbricata (Location of dermatophytosis)
Trunk and limbs (in concentric/annular pattern)
29
Tinea cruris (jock itch) (Location of dermatophytosis)
Groin
30
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) (Location of dermatophytosis)
Feet
31
Dermatophytosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount
KOH mount
32
Occurs in broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse; risk factors include AIDS, pregnancy, and diabetes (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)
Candidiasis
33
Common name of candidiasis
Moniliasis
34
Causative agent of candidiasis
Candida albicans
35
Candidiasis is diagnosed using a __________ mount
KOH mount
36
Characterized by white, adherent, painless, discrete, or confluent patches of whitish pseudomembranes (Types of candidiasis)
Thrush
37
Characterized by irritation, pruritus, and vaginal discharge (Types of candidiasis)
Vulvovaginitis
38
Characterized by painful swelling at the nail-skin interface (Types of candidiasis)
Paronychia
39
Characterized by painful, erythematous swelling of the nail fold that may destroy the nail (Types of candidiasis)
Onychomycosis
40
Characterized by erythematous irritation with redness and pustules in skin folds (Types of candidiasis)
Intertrigo
41
Characterized by erythematous-pustular infection of the glans penis (Types of candidiasis)
Balanitis
42
Is an infection between the digits of the hands or toes (Types of candidiasis)
Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
43
Is a common, erythematous, pustular, perineal infection in infants (Types of candidiasis)
Diaper rash
44
2 treatments for candidiasis (TO)
Topical nystatin, Oral ketoconazole/fluconazole
45
Refers to the formation of granulomatous candidial lesions on any or all cutaneous and/or mucosal surfaces (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC)
46
Refers to mycoses in tissues beneath the skin (Types of mycoses)
Subcutaneous mycoses
47
A chronic granulomatous infection typically followed by a secondary spread with involvement of the draining lymphatics and lymph nodes (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)
Sporotrichosis
48
Common name of sporotrichosis
Rose gardener's disease
49
Causative agent of sporotrichosis; a dimorphic fungi
Sporothrix schenckii
50
Nodule that may progress to a necrotic or ulcerative lesion (Clinical findings of Sporothrix schenckii)
Lymphocutaneous-granulomatous nodule
51
Mimics chronic cavitary tuberculosis when inhaled by those with impaired cellular immunity (Clinical findings of Sporothrix schenckii)
Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis
52
Sporothrix schenckii is a __________ yeast, often with surrounding asteroid body
Cigar-shaped yeast
53
A subcutaneous mycotic infection caused by traumatic inoculation of fungi, which reside in soil and vegetation (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)
Chromoblastomycosis
54
Common name of chromoblastomycosis
Chromomycosis
55
Chromoblastomycosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount
KOH mount
56
Characterized by a presence of darkly pigmented septate hyphae in tissue; appears as a solitary encapsulated cyst and can lead to sinusitis and brain abscess (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)
Phaeohyphomycosis
57
A chronic subcutaneous infection induced by traumatic inoculation with fungi or actinomycetous bacteria (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)
Mycetoma
58
Refers to mycoses that affects many organs deep within the body; is transmitted through inhalation and caused by dimorphic fungi (Types of mycoses)
Primary systemic mycoses
59
May be asymptomatic; is also characterized by self-limited influenza-like illness with fever, malaise, cough, arthralgia, and headache (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)
Coccidioidomycosis
60
2 common names of coccidioidomycosis (SD)
San Joaquin valley fever, Desert rheumatism
61
2 causative agents of coccidioidomycosis (CP, CI)
Coccidioides posadasii, Coccidioides immitis
62
Refers to arthroconidia that enlarge, become rounded, develop internal septations, and contain endospores; present in coccidioidomycosis
Spherules
63
The most prevalent pulmonary fungal infection in humans and animals; transmitted from bird and bat guano (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)
Histoplasmosis
64
Common name of histoplasmosis
Spelunker's disease
65
Causative agent of histoplasmosis; a facultative intracellular parasite that is able to replicate within alveolar macrophages
Histoplasma capsulatum
66
Histoplasmosis can become __________ in the immunosuppressed
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH)
67
A chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)
Blastomycosis
68
2 common names of blastomycosis (NG)
North American blastomycosis, Gilchrist disease
69
Causative agent of blastomycosis
Blastomyces dermatitidis
70
Characterized by fever, malaise, night sweats, cough, and myalgias (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Acute LRTI
71
Characterized by a pyogranulomatous reaction with neutrophils and noncaseating granulomas (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Chronic pneumonia
72
Blastomycosis that affects the skin, bone, CNS, larynx, and GUT (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Disseminated blastomycosis
73
Comes in an acute/juvenile form and chronic adult form; is treated using an oral or systemic antifungal (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)
Paracoccidioidomycosis
74
Common name of paracoccidioidomycosis
South American blastomycosis
75
Causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
76
Paracoccidioidomycosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount
KOH mount
77
Uncommon, usually <30 years old; is a disseminated infection of the reticuloendothelial system (Forms of paracoccidioidomycosis)
Acute/juvenile form
78
~90%, usually in older men; is a progressive pulmonary disease in the lower lobes of the lungs with fibrosis (Forms of paracoccidioidomycosis)
Chronic/adult form
79
The most prevalent systemic mycosis; associated with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents, hematologic diseases, or with chronic granulomatous disease (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)
Systemic candidiasis
80
Systemic candidiasis is due to __________, caused by indwelling catheters, surgery, IV drug abuse, aspiration, or damage to the skin or GIT
Candidemia
81
More common in patients with HIV/AIDS; treated using a combination of systemic antifungals (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)
Cryptococcosis
82
2 causative agents of cryptococcosis; they have polysaccharide capsules and they are present in pigeon droppings (CN, CG)
Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii
83
Disease caused by Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillosis
84
Causative agent of aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
85
Characterized by asthma, recurrent chest infiltrates, and eosinophilia (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
86
Characterized by cough, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue, and hemoptysis (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)
Fungus ball
87
Associated with lymphocytic or myelogenous leukemia and lymphoma (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)
Invasive aspergillosis
88
Occurs in 1/3 of ART-treated AIDS patients; a paradoxical worsening of preexisting, untreated, or partially treated opportunistic infections (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
89
Associated with acidotic patients, leukemias, lymphoma, corticosteroid treatment, severe burns, immunodeficiencies, and dialysis of deferoxamine (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)
Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
90
Most common causative agent of mucormycosis (zygomycosis)
Rhizopus oryzae
91
Involves the invasion of the sinuses, eyes, and brain; characterized by edema of the involved facial area, a bloody nasal exudate, and orbital cellulitis (Clinical findings of Rhizopus oryzae)
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
92
Involves the thoracic area (Clinical findings of Rhizopus oryzae)
Thoracic mucormycosis
93
Associated with AIDS; leads to acute/subacute pneumonia and extrapulmonary infections (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
94
Causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia; formerly thought of as a protozoan; has two forms: trophozoite and cyst
Pneumocystis jiroveci
95
Initially characterized by a vague sense of dyspnea alone that subsequently manifests as fever and nonproductive cough with progressive SOB (Clinical findings of Pneumocystis jiroveci)
Acute/Subacute pneumonia
96
Is rare; can include involvement of almost any organ, most notably the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver (Clinical findings of Pneumocystis jiroveci)
Extrapulmonary manifestations
97
2 treatments for pneumocystis pneumonia (CA)
Cotrimoxazole, ART in AIDS
98
Associated with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, corticosteroid treatment, and lymphoproliferative diseases (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)
Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis)
99
Causative agent of talaromycosis (penicilliosis)
Talaromyces marneffei
100
Treatment for talaromycosis (penicilliosis)
Systemic antifungal
