Final 9 Flashcards
(477 cards)
1
Q
A group of men sworn to speak the truth
A
Jury
2
Q
In 1215 a bunch of rebellious barons cornered Johan and forced him to sign the what (Great Charter)
A
The Magna Carta
3
Q
Was a provision of the Magna Carta “by legal judgement of his peers or by the law of the land” and is linked the concept of Habeas corpus
A
Due Process of Law
4
Q
Means that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
A
Habeas Corpus
5
Q
Emerged from the Great Council which English rulers called upon for advice with matters dealing with the Magna Carta
A
Parliament
6
Q
Gregory VII ended this. Under this practice the emperor or another layperson (a person not a clergy member) “invested” or presented bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office. Only the pope could have the right to appoint bishops in office
A
Lay Investiture
7
Q
“Red Beard” wanted to build and empire from the Batlic to the Adriatic Sea. He tried to defeat wealth cities of northern Italy they retaliated by joining forces with the one in the Lombard a League and finally managed to defeat Barbarossa’s armies
A
Frederick Barbarossa
8
Q
Decisions of the Royal courts became the foundation of English Legal System based on custom and court ruling
A
Common Law
9
Q
What Is Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe Jesus lives and preached
A
Holy Land
10
Q
What Is the christian campaign to drive Muslims from Spain
A
Reconquista
11
Q
A church court set up to try people accused of heresy
A
Inquisitions
12
Q
Using reason to support Christian beliefs
A
Scholasticism
13
Q
Everyday languages of ordinary people (French, German, Italian)
A
Vernacular
14
Q
Is an Italian poet who wrote the divine comedy in the 1300s, his poem takes the reader through an imaginary journey into hell and purgatory
A
Dante Alighieri
15
Q
Wrote the Cantebury Tales
A
Geoffrey Chaucer
16
Q
Describe a band of pilgrims traveling into Saint Thomas Becket’s tomb
A
Canterbury Tales
17
Q
Architecture had flying buttresses or stone supports that stood outside the church- constructing higher thinner walls and left space for stained glass windows allowing for more light to travel through, which was opposite to Romanesque style which was shorter with small windows not allowing a lot of light through making the church gloomy and dark
A
Gothic Style
18
Q
Rising of prices broke out as the cost of labor soared
A
Inflation
19
Q
Fought for a France as a 17 year old in 1429-she said that God had sent her to save a France-Charles VII was desperate so he authorized her to lead an army against the English-Inspired a battered and despairing French Troops to several victories and planted the seed for future triumphs
A
Joan of Arc
20
Q
What is Humanists that studied the classical culture of Greece and Rome
A
Humanism
21
Q
Subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history
A
Humanities
22
Q
Changed during the Renaissance and allowed artists to create realistic Art
A
Perspective
23
Q
Who Wrote the Prince which looked at real rulers in age of ruthless poet politics, he stressed that the end justifies the means-urging rulers to use whatever methods were necessary to achieve their goals
A
Niccolo Machiavelli
24
Q
Printed the first complete edition of the bible using a printing press with movable type
A
Johann Gutenberg
25
Is an everyday language of ordinary people
Vernacular
26
Is now used to describe any ideal society often with the implication that a such a society is ultimately impractical
Utopian
27
Was an English poet and playwright (1590-1613) he wrote 37 plays that are still being performed till today (Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet)
William Shakespeare
28
Is a lessening of time a should would have to spend in purgatory, a place where souls to impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetimes
Indulgence
29
A german monk and professor of theology-he drew up 95 Theses (arguments) against indulgences and other things-stating that Christians could only be saved by faith
Martin Luther
30
Summoned Luther to the Diet (assembly of german princes, a day of meeting) at the city of worms ordered Luther to give him the 95 theses, Luther refused and Charles declared him an outlaw
Charles V
31
Was another reformed who profoundly affected the directions of the reformation-In 1536 he published a widely-read book that set forth his religious beliefs and explained how to organize and run a Protestant church he preached
John Calvin
32
A government run by church leaders
Theocracy
33
Are religious groups that had broken away from an established church
Sects
34
At first he was a strong "Defender of Faith", but later became at odds with the church went he wanted to divorce his wife because she wasn't giving him a son (even though it is now know that depends on the father not the mother) the pope refused to annul his marriage and passed a series of laws that took the English church from the pope's control and placed it under Henry's rule
Henry VIII
35
Henry VIII appointed him as archbishop of the new church; with his new marriage Henry had another daughter Elizabeth
Thomas Cranmer
36
An acceptable middle ground
Compromise
37
1545-lead by an Italian Cardinal Carlo Borromeo-met off and on for almost 20 years-the council reaffirmed the traditional catholic views that Protestants and challenged
Council of Trent
38
Jews were restricted to live in separated quarters of the city called. I'm these places many Jewish people died from starvation, disease, overwork and harsh elements
Ghetto
39
A polish school he published On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres in it he promised a Heliocentric
Nicolas Copernicus
40
Sun-centered model of the universe
Heliocentric
41
Assembled an astronomical telescope- he observed the four moons of Jupiter moved slowly around the planet
Galileo
42
Both devoted themselves to the understanding how truth is determined-they rejected Aristotle's scientific assumptions-also the challenged the scholarly traditions of the medieval universities that south to make the physical world fit in with the teachings of the church
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
43
This requires scientist to collect and accurately measure data-to explain the data scientists used reasoning to proposed logical hypotheses (a possible explanation)
Scientific Method
44
He formed a brilliant theory to explain why the planets move as they did-using mathematics he showed that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun Gravity
Isaac Newton
45
A branch of mathematics partially developed by Newton and used to explain his laws is still applied today
Calculus
46
Led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal, a small nation next to Spain
Prince Henry
47
Are mapmakers
Cartographers
48
Wanted to reach the East Indies-(a group of islands in Southeast Asia, today part of Indonesia)- by sailing west across the Atlantic
Christopher Columbus
49
Dividing the non-European world into two zones Spain/Portugal
Line of Demarcation
50
Was signed between the two countries in 1492 (agreeing to the line of demarcation)
Treaty of a Tordesillas
51
Set out from Spain with five ships to find a way to reach the pacific- he reached the coast of South America- finally ended up finding a way to the pacific now as a Strait of Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan
52
Means to sail around the world
Circumnavigate
53
Are large estates run by an owner or an owner's as the overseer(s)
Plantation
54
Were religious people who hoped to convert Africans to Christianity
Missionaries
55
Is the exclusive control of a business or industry
Monopoly
56
Are distant areas that are under control of a ruling nation, country, or government. During this time the Portuguese and built a trading empire with the military and merchant outpost that were under their control in the rimming southern seas (the area around the southern seas)
Outposts
57
Was formed by a wealthy Dutch merchants, unlike Portuguese and Spanish trades, it had full sovereign power
Dutch East India Company
58
Possessing supreme or ultimate power (during this time the Dutch east India company could build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory) because of this power it came to dominate the region (India) own power to do what it wants
Sovereign
59
A spanish explorer who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500s and 1600s
Conquistador
60
Resistance to disease
Immunity
61
Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to another's defense
Alliance
62
A war fought between groups of people in the same nation
Civil war
63
A preventative of the long who ruled in his name
Viceroy
64
The right given to American colonists by the spanish government to demand labor or tribute from native Americans
Encomienda
65
Member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas
Peninsular
66
An American-born descendant of spanish settlers in Spain's colonies in the Americas
Creole
67
A person of Native American and European descent in Spain's colonies in the Americas
Mestizo
68
A pirate who operated with the approval of European governments
Privateer
69
French possession in present-day Canada from the 1500s to 1763
New France
70
Income
Revenue
71
English Protestants who rejected the Church of England
Pilgrims
72
An agreement among people
Compact
73
The agreement that officially needed the French and Indian war as well as other fighting between France and England, and ensured british dominance in North America
Treaty of Paris
74
Colonial trade routes among europe and its colonies, the West Indies, and africa in which goods were exchanged for slaves
Triangular Trade
75
The second leg of triangular trade in which slaves were transported to the Americas
Middle passage
76
A revolt aboard a ship
Mutiny
77
A rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
Inflation
78
The period in European history during the 1500s when inflation rose rapidly
Price revolution
79
An economic system in which most businesses are owned privately
Capitalism
80
A person who takes on financial risks to make profits
Entrepreneurs
81
An economic policy in which it was believed that a nation must export more goods than it imports to build its supply of gold and silver
Mercantilism
82
A tax on an imported good
Tariff
83
Ferdinand and Isabella's grandson. Became kind of Spain and thereby ruler of the spanish colonies in the Americas. When his grandfather died he became heir to the sprawling Hapsburg empire, which included Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands. Changed his named to Charles v
Charles I
84
Charles V was overwhelmed by ruling over _________ empire and abdicated his rule and entered a monastery in 1556
Hapsburg
85
Charles V gave Spain, the Netherlands, and some southern italian states and Spain overseas empire to his 29 year old son
Philip (who became Philip II)
86
Is a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people.
Divine Right
87
Which is that he believed that his authority to rule came directly from God
Divine Right
88
Sailed with more than 130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery-they were confident with victory-this did not pass the English Channel, lumbering spanish ships were outmaneuvered by the lighter faster english ships, the armada scattered and limped home in defeat
Spanish Armada
89
Was born a peasant as birth-wrote more than 1,500 plays including witty comedies and action-packed romances
Lope de Vega
90
Was the most important writer of Spain's golden age-wrote don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes
91
Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry and is considered to be europes first modern novel
Don Quxiote
92
Religious Strife- 1560-1590 religious wars between the catholic majority and the French Protestants, called ________ tore france apart
Huguenots
93
The worst of these incidents began on what day (a catholic holiday). August 24, 1572 while huguenots and catholic nobles gathered for a royal wedding. A plot by catholic royals lead to the massacre of 3,000 huguenots, in the next few days thousands more were slaughtered and this was called
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
94
In 1598 Henry issues this to protect Protestants and granted Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms
Edict of Nantes
95
When Henry IV was killed by an assassin in 1610 his Niger year song Louis XIII inherited the throne-(for a time nobles asserted their power)-than in 1624 Louis him as chief minister. For the next 18 years he devoted to strengthening the central government
Cardinal Richelieu
96
Spend many hours each day attending the government affairs- to strengthen the state he followed the polices of Richelieu. He appointed intendants- and often other jobs went to wealthy middle class men
Louis XIV
97
Which are royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers and carried out his politics in the provinces
Intendants
98
Turned a real hunting lodge into the immense palace of Versailles-he spared no expense to make it the most magnificent building in Europe. It's halls and salons displayed the finest paintings and statues, and they glittered with chandeliers and mirrors-the Royal gardens had millions of flowers, trees and fountains were set out in precise geometric patterns
Louis XIV
99
Goal was to maintain a distribution of military and economic power among European nations to prevent any one country from dominating the region
Balance of power
100
Or rules discoverable by reason governed scientific forces such as gravity and magnetism using the new science reformers thus set out to study human behavior and solve problems of society
Natural Law
101
Scientific revolution led to another revolution in thinking known as ______
Enlightenment
102
A german philosopher best known for this work the critique of pure reason- was one of the first to describe this era with word "enlightenment"
Immanuel Kant
103
Were two 17th century english thinkers set forth ideas that were to become key to the enlightenment they both lived through the upheavals of the english civil war, but they both came to different conclusions
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
104
Outlined his ideas in his work titled Leviathan-argued that people were naturally cruel, greedy and selfish and if not strictly controlled they would fight, rob, and oppress another "life of nature"-without laws or other control-would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" to escape this "brutish" life he said that people entered into a social contract. Believed that a powerful government could ensure an orderly society
Hobbes
105
An agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society
Social Contract
106
Had more of an optimistic view of human nature. He thought people were basically reasonable and moral. He state used further that they had natural rights
Locke
107
Or rights that belong to all humans from birth
Natural Rights
108
Thinkers were called _________. Which means philosophers-their ideas soon spread beyond France and even beyond europe
Philosophes
109
Was an early influential thinker-he stupid the governments of Europe from Italy to England- he read about ancient and medieval Europe, learned about chinese and Native American cultures-his sharp criticism of absolute monarch would open doors for later debate. His great work was the spirit of the laws, in which he discussed governments throughout history-he believed that the best way to protect liberty was to divide the various functions and poses of government among three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial)
Montesquieu
110
He used this wit as a weapon to expose abuses of his day-he targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats-with his pen he battled inequality, injustice, and superstition- he detested the slave trade and deplored religious prejudice
Voltaire
111
His work was to do meow than just compile articles- he wanted to "change the general way of thinking" by explaining ideas on topics such as government, philosophy, a religion his work include articles by leading thinkers of the day including Montesquieu and Voltaire
Encyclopedia
112
Believed that people in their natural states were basically good- that natural innocence he felt was corrupted by evils of society, especially the unequal distribution of property. Many reformers and revolutionaries later adopted this view (Thomas Paine and Marquis de Lafayette-leading figures of the American and French Revolution)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
113
Greatly admired the physiocrat- in his influential work The Wealth of Nations- he argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity
Adam Smith
114
Restricting access to ideas and information-they banned and burned books and imprisoned writers
Censorship
115
Informal social gatherings art which writers, artists, philsophes and others exchanged ideas
Salons
116
In this style painted were huge, colorful and full of excitement-they gloried historic battles of the lives of saints
Baroque
117
Moved away from religious and was lighter, elegant, and charming (compared to the heavy splendor of the baroque style)
Rococo
118
Absolute rulers- who used their power to bring about political and social change
Enlightened Despots
119
Continued reform- in Austria, Hapsburg empress Maria ruled as an absolute monarch- although she did not push for reforms, she is considered to be an enlightened despot by some historians because she worked to peasants' way of life
Joseph II
120
King George III and his advisors thought that the colonists should help help pay for these wars to increase taxes paid by colonist, Parliament passed this Act in 1764 which imposed import taxes
Sugar Act
121
Which imposed taxes on items such as newspapers and pamphlets "no taxation without representation" the colonist protests-they believed that sin they did not have a representative in parliament they should not be taxed
Stamp Act
122
Of Virginia was the principal author of the declaration of independence
Thomas Jefferson
123
Is a document that reflects John Locke's ideas of the government's obligation to protect the people's natural rights to "life, liberty, and property". Included another of Locke's ideas that people had the right to "lather or abolish" unjust governments- a right to revolt
Declaration of Independence
124
Which states that all government power comes from the people, is alps an important point in the declaration
Popular sovereignty
125
America, British and a French diplomats signed this. Ended the revolutionary or American Revolution
Treaty of Paris
126
The articles of confederation was the United States first constitution- it proved to be too weak to rile to address this problem the nation's leaders gathered once more in Philadelphia- among them were
George Washington, James Madison and Benjamin Franklin
127
With its powers divided between the federal/national government and the states. Another feature was that the constitution separated the powers of the federal government into the legislative, executive, and the judicial branches
Federal Republic
128
Everyone in France was divided into social classes or
Estates
129
_____ estate- made of clergy. Provided some social services- nun, monks, and priests ran schools, hospitals and orphanages. But during the enlightenment, philosophes targeted the church fo reform- they criticized the idleness of some clergy, the church's interference in politics, and it's intolerance of dissent
1
130
_____ estate- made of nobility. Was titled nobility of French society- in the Middle Ages noble Knights had defended the land-in the 1600s Richelieu and Louis XIV had crushed the nobles military power. Though they owned land, they received little financial income
2
131
_____ estate- made of the rest of the population. Was the most diverse social class- they consists of prosperous bankers, merchant and manufacturers, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and professors, among the poorest members were urban workers
3
132
Or old order
Ancien Regime
133
Middle class
Bourgeoisie
134
This occurs when government spend more money than it takes in
Deficit spending
135
Was a well-meaning but weak and indecisive-he did however choose wisely and picked Jacques Necker
Louis XVI
136
A financial expert as an advisor- urged the king to reduce extravagant court spending, reform government and abolish burdensome tariffs open internal trade
Jacque Necker
137
Or notebooks, listing their grievance- many called for reform such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press, or regular meetings of the estates-general
Cahiers
138
They swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution
Tennis Court Oath
139
A grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners
Bastille
140
1789-1791. Which turned france into a constitutional monarchy
Moderate Phase of the National Assembly
141
1792-1794. Led to the end of the monarchy and a reign of terror
Radical Phase of Escalating Violence
142
1795-1799. Against extremisms
Directory Phase of Reaction
143
1799-1815. Consolidated many revolutionary changes
Phase of Napoleon Phase
144
The aristocratic "hero of two worlds"- He was the head of the national guard, a largely middle-class militia organized in responses to the arrival of royal troops in Paris. He was known as the Hero of Two Worlds because he also fought alongside George Washington in the American Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette
145
The document was modeled in part on the American Declaration of Independence, written 13 years earlier and stared: all men are "born and remain free and equal in rights" and had natural rights to "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression"
Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
146
A journalist demanded equal rights for women in the declaration of the right of women and the female citizen
Olympe de Gouges
147
What happened on Oct 5, 1791 when six thousand women marched 13 miles in the pouring rain from paris to versailles shouting "bread" demanding to see the king. much of the crowd's anger was to Marie Antoinette
Women March on Versailles
148
daughter of Maria Theresa and sister of Joseph II- she lived a life of a great pleasure and extravagance, which led to further public unrest
Maria Antoinette
149
nobles, clergy, and other who had fled france and it revolutionary forces
Emigres
150
pushed the revolution into more radical action-they were called this, which means: without breeches because they wore long trousers (pants) instead of fancy knee breeches that upper-class men wore
Sans-Culottes
151
or government ruled by elected representatives instead of a monarch
republic
152
the right to vote was to be extended to all male citizens, not just to property owners
Suffrage
153
was a shrewd lawyer and political quickly rose to the leadership of the committee of public safety-among Jacobins, his selfless dedication to the revolution earned him the nickname "the incorruptible" had embraced Rousseau's idea of the general will as the source of al legitimate law
Maximilien Robespierre
154
Robespierre was one of the chief architects, lasted from september 1793 to July 1794
Reign of Terror
155
its a fast falling blade extinguished life instantly- a member of the legislature Dr. Joseph Guillotin, had introduced it as a more humane method of beheading than the uncertain ax
Guillotine
156
started to emerge as chaos threatened France, politicians turned to him because he was a popular military hero who had won a series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy
Napoleon Bonaparte
157
a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country spread throughout France
nationalism
158
a popular vote
plebiscite
159
which closed european ports to britsh goods
Continental System
160
a hit-and-run raids against the french. means little war. Spanish resistance encouraged Austria to resume hostilities against France
Guerrilla War
161
left the french hungry and cold as winte came
Scorched Earth Policy
162
they faced the monumental task of restoring stability and order in Europe after years of war
Congress of Vienna
163
which powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of europe
Concert of Europe
164
the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers
Enclosure
165
looked at Newcomen's invention in 1764 and set out to make improvements on the engine in order to make it efficient. his new engine would become a key source of the industrial revolution
James Watt
166
separate iron from its ore
smelt iron
167
money used to invest in enterprises
capital
168
is a business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories
enterprise
169
were those who managed and assumed the financial risk of starting new businesses
entrepreneurs
170
also known as cottage industry, in which raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes
putting-out system
171
created the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
172
which could deseed cotton
cotton gin
173
where private roads built by entrepreneurs who would charge travelers a toll, or fee
turnpikes
174
or multistory building divided into apartments. had no running water, only community pumps
tenements
175
or workers organizations, were illegal at this time, secret unions did not exists among frustrated British worker
labor unions
176
saw the effects of the population explosion: crowded slums, hungry families, unemployment and widespread misery
Thomas Malthus
177
a 1800 british philosopher and economist that was advocating utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
178
which was the idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens
Utilitarianism
179
Is the people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production-such as farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods
Socialism
180
Early socialist that tried to create societies based on this idea
Utopians
181
Set up a model community in new Lanark, Scotland, to put his ideas into practice
Robert Owen
182
A german philosopher condemned the ideas of Utopians as unrealistic idealism. Formed the theory "scientific socialism"-which he claimed was a scientific study of history. He teamed up with another german socialist, Friedrich Engel and together they wrote the pamphlet The Communist Manifesto
Karl Max
183
A political ideology in which is there a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system
Social Democracy
184
During the age of the industrial revolution many great ________ emerged
New technologies
185
Independently developed a new process for making steel from iron
Henry Bessemer
186
It removed carbon from smell making it lighter, harder, and more durable than iron, it could also be produced cheaply
Bessemer Process
187
Invented dynamite-which was a much safer explosive to use compared to others at the time
Alfred Nobel
188
Developed the first battery around 1800
Alessandro Volta
189
Created the first simple electric motor and the first Dynamo
Michael Faraday
190
Which is a machine that generates electricity
Dynamo
191
Made the first electric light bulb in the 1870s
Thomas Edison
192
Which are identical components that could be used on place of another. This simplified the assembly and repair products
Interchangeable parts
193
Parts were added to a product as it moved down a belt from one workstation to the next
Assembly Line
194
Invented a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine
Nicolas Otto
195
Started making models that reached the breathtaking speed of 25 miles per hour and also utilized the assembly line to mass-produce cars making the U.S. The leader in the automobile industry
Henry Ford
196
Designed and flew an airplane at kitty hawk (NC)
Orville and Wilbur Wright
197
Samuel F. B. Morse invented this. It could send coded messages over wires by means of electricity
Telegraph
198
By the 1860s an undersea cable was relaying messages between Europe and North America
Transatlantic Code
199
Scottish born American inventor. Patented the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
200
Experimented with the"wireless" transmissions
Nikola Tesla
201
Invented the radio
Guglielmo Marconi
202
Which are shared in their companies to people called investors
Stock
203
Which are businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
Corporations
204
Showed the relationship between microbes and disease
Louis Pasteur
205
Disease-carrying microbes in milk
Pasteurization
206
Which measures the quality and availability of necessities of and comfort in society improved
Standard living
207
Included very rich business families. Wealthy entrepreneurs married into aristocratic families gaining the state of noble titles
Upper Class
208
Was a campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverage. Women groups supported this
Temperance Movement
209
Some scientists speculated that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases,
Germ theory
210
A crucial breakthrough in chemistry came in the early 1800s when the english Quaker schoolteacher ________ developed the atomic theory
John Dalton
211
A Russian chemists drew a table that grouped elements according to their atomic weights
Dmitri Mendeleyev
212
Students would learn about "classical languages" latin and Greek, history, and math but in general only middle-class families could afford to have their sons attend these schools because they trained students for more serious study or for government jobs
Secondary Schools
213
Published his work called On the Origin of Species
Charles Darwin
214
They applied the idea of survival of the fittest ot war and economic competition and this theory came to be known as
Social Darwinism
215
One religious movement during 1859. Many Protestant choice has back to this- urged Christians to social service
Social Gospel
216
Vividly portrayed the lives of slim dwellers and factory workers, including children
Charles Dickens
217
Tells the story of a nine year old orphan raised in a grim poor house. Written by Charles Dickens
Oliver Twist
218
A french novelist that moved from romantic to realistic novel. Reveal how hunger drove a good man to crime and how the law hound him after his work "les Miserables"
Victor Hugo
219
Took root in Paris during the 1870s. Had artists liked Claude Monet and Edgar Degas
Impressionism
220
What two people Brushed stroked of color side by side without any blending
Claude Monet and Edgar Degas
221
Who Arranged small dots of color to define the shapes of objects
Georges Seurat
222
Who Experimented with sharp burch lines and bright colors
Vincent Van Gogh
223
Who Succeeded where others had failed. Came from Prussia's junker. King William made him prime minister. His success was due in part to his strong will and he was the master of realpolitik
Otto Van Bismarck
224
Class which was made up of conservative landowning nobles
Junker
225
Or the highest official of a monarch. Used to mean prime minister
Chancellor
226
Means realistic policies based on the needs of the state
realpolitik
227
Or took control of
Annexed
228
_______ Annexed several north german states
Prussia
229
During this same period France's leader Napoleon III was angered by the Prussia's victory over Austria and soon there was a frowning rivalry between the two nations which stated
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
230
Emperor
Kaiser
231
Empire
Reich
232
Which is a "battle for civilization" lasting for 7 years
Kulturkampf
233
People who want to abolish all government turned to sabotage and violence
Anarchist
234
Movement away from their homeland
Emigration
235
Or freeing of the serfs
Emancipation
236
In 1815 Britain was a __________ monarchy with a parliament and two political parties
Constitutional Monarchy
237
Wealthy nobles and squires, or country landowners dominated politics and heavily influence voters. Local landowners called towns this and had them send members to parliament
Rotten Boroughs
238
Which redistributed seats in the House of Commons, giving representation to large towns and cities and eliminating rotten boroughs
The Great Reform Act in 1832
239
Allows people to cast their votes without announcing them publicly
Secret Ballot
240
Britain transformed from a constitutional monarchy to __________ democracy
Parliamentary
241
A form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature
Parliamentary Democracy
242
Parliamentary Democracy= _______ and ______ branches of government
Executive and Legislative
243
Meaning the campaign against slavery and the spare trade, slowly took off
Abolition Movement
244
Owned large estates but did not live on them
Absentee Landlords
245
Local self government
Home Rule
246
Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power and set up the second empire
Napoleon III
247
In Egypt it was a link between the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, Dan the Indian Ocean
Suez Canal
248
Temporary government
Provisional
249
France set up a provision that shortly evolved france into
Third Republic Government Structure
250
Prime minister
Premier
251
Or alliances of various parties
Coalitions
252
Was accused of spying for Germany. His cased reflected the rise of antisemitism in Europe
Alfred Dreyfus
253
Publication of false and damaging statements
Libel
254
Extending the nation boundaries
Expansionism
255
What was it known as when President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France, this almost double the size of the American territory
Louisiana Purchase
256
Americans claimed that there nation was destined to spread across the entire continent, from sea to sea
Manifest Destiny
257
This war Lasted from 1861-1865
Civil War
258
Withdrew from the union and formed the confederate states of America
Seceded
259
Or legal separation of races, in hospitals, schools, and other places
Segregation
260
Built the nation's largest steel company
Andrew Carnegie
261
His standard oil company dominated the world's petroleum industry
John D. Rockefeller
262
They used their political power to create eight-hour work days (even though they never became a majority party in government)
Populist party
263
Is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Imperialism
264
The leading imperial powers developed several kinds of
Colonial Rule
265
The French practiced ______, sending officials and soldiers from France to administer their colonies
Direct Rule
266
The britsh, by contrast often used a system of
Indirect rule
267
Local rulers were left in a place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity
Protectorate
268
An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
Sphere of influence
269
Denounced the corruption of the local Hausa ruse
Usan Dan Fodio
270
View of Africans- meaning they saw them as children who need guidances
Paternalistic
271
Best known explorer and missionary- For 30 years he crisscross Africa
Dr. David Livingstone
272
King of Belgium that hired stanely to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders
King Leopold II
273
Were repressive rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire, rejected reform and tired to rebuild the autocratic power enjoyed by earlier ruler
Sultans
274
In the ______ the east India company made several unpopular moves
1850s
275
Indian soldiers in its service (not only in India but everywhere else england wanted them to serve)
Sepoys
276
Were british who governed in India in the name of the Queen
Viceroys
277
Combined two views of westernization while keeping its traditional Hindu and Muslim cultures
Ram Mohun Roy
278
The isolation of women in separate quarters while helping set yo educational societies that helped revive pride in Indian culture
Purdah
279
The right to live under their laws and be tried in their courts
Extraterritoriality
280
lasted from 1850-1864 and was the most devastating revolt in peasant history
taiping rebellion
281
called for keeping chinese trade open to everyone on equal basis
open door policy
282
when a group of chinese had formed a secret society the righteous harmonious fists
boxer uprising in 1899
283
which was a liberal young women-the first _______ were american but soon europeans adopted the style
flapper
284
Women finally gained enough support to get the ________ amendment ratified in 1919 "the prohibition amendment"
eighteenth
285
illegal bars (called tis because when speaking about them you spoke quietly and easily)
speakeasies
286
was a christian ________________ swept across rural areas of the united states
fundamentalist movement
287
was tired for teaching evolution to his classroom. was found guilty in the famous "Scopes Trial"
John T. Scopes
288
a book which exposes the grim horrors of modern warfare
"All Quiet on the Western Front"
289
in the early 1900s polish-born french scientist _______ and others found that the atoms of certain elements (radium and uranium) spontaneously released charged particles this finding implied that atoms are not solid but are indivisible
Marie Curie
290
in 1905 and 1916 the german-born physicist __________ introduced theories of relativity
Albert Einstein
291
italian physicist ________ and other discovered atomic fission
Enrico Fermi
292
which is splitting of nuclei of atoms
atomic fission
293
accidentally discovered a type of non toxic model that kills bacteria "penicillin"
Alexander Fleming
294
challenged faith in reason. he pioneered psychoanalysis. his most famous work is labeled psychoanalytic personality theory
Sigmund Freud
295
is a method of studying how the mind works and treats mental disorders
psychoanalysis
296
is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends
Id
297
plays the critical and moralizing role
Superego
298
is a realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the superego
ego
299
Name the three psychoanalytic personality theory
Id, Superego, and Ego
300
Use bold, wild strokes of color and odd distortions to produce works of strong emotion
Henri Matisse
301
Was a spanish artist created a revolutionary new style called cubism
Pablo Picasso
302
Which was composed of only lines, colors, and shapes
Abstract
303
Which rejected all traditional conventions and believed that there was no sense or truth in the world
Dada
304
Was inspired from cubism and dada attempted to portray the working of the unconscious mind
Surrealism
305
Which consisted of upper class, professionals, and farmers
Conservative Party
306
France's chief concern after the war was securing its borders against Germany. To prevent this the french built massive fortifications along its border with Germany
Maginot
307
Was sponsored by the U.S. in 1928 echoed the hopeful spirit of the time. The pact include almost every independent nation to sign an agreement to renounce war as an instrument of national policy
Kellogg-Briand Pact
308
Which is the reduction of armed forces and weapons
Disarmament
309
Finance is the management of money matters, including the circulation of money, loans, and investments, and baking
Financial crisis
310
Is a condition in which the production of goods exceeds the demand for them
Overproduction
311
Is a painful time of global economic collapse had begun in the summer of 1929
Great Depression
312
Argued that the government had to take an active role in combating the Great Depression. He introduced the new deal
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)
313
Was a massive package of economic and social programs
New deal
314
FDR organized veterans and other discontented Italians into this party
Fascist Party
315
To describe any centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify
Fascism
316
In which government officials made all basic economic decisions
Command economy
317
Which are large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
Collectives
318
Stalin required artists and writers to create their work in a style called _________. It's goal is to show soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the communist future
Socialist realism
319
Making nationality culture more russian
Russification
320
Or the belief that there is no god, became an official state policy
Atheism
321
In 1919 german leaders drafted a constitution in the city of Weimar. It created a democratic government known as
Weimar Republic
322
Or prime minister
Chancellor
323
German workers of the Ruhr Valley protest using passive resistant and refused to work. He failed to seize power and was arrested in 1923 and is where he wrote his manifesto. Under his new third reach, he boast that the german master race would dominate europe for a thousand years. Had a secret poltic the Gestapo
Ruhr Valley
324
Is title Mein Kampf (my struggle)
Manifesto
325
Root out any opposition
Gestapo
326
Ruhr Valley under his new _______, he boasts that the German master race would dominate Europe for a thousands years
Third Reich
327
Deprived Jews of germn citizenship and places severe restrictions on them
Nuremberg Laws
328
Is the giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace
Appeasement
329
Opposition to all war, due to the disgust with the destruction from the previous war spread throughout the world
Pacifism
330
Which are laws that forbade the sale of arms to any nation at war and outlawed loans to warring nations and prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of warring powers
Neutrality Acts
331
Germany, Italy, and Japan formed this axis. These three powers agreed to fight soviet communism, they also not to interfere with each other's plans for territorial expansion
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
332
Union of Austria and Germany
Anschluss
333
Hitler sent in the Germany army to "preserver order"
Czechoslovakia
334
Region of western Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland
335
Bound hitler and Stalin to peaceful relationships. Secretly the two agreed not to fight if the other sent to war and divide up land of Eastern Europe
Nazi-Soviet Pact
336
Lighting war. Used improved tanks and air power technology to strike a devasting blow against the enemy
Blitzkrieg
337
German Air Force would bomb airfields, factories, towns, and cities
Luftwaffe
338
Winston Churchill who was prime minister at the time faced hitler in defiance. Hitler wanted to plan for an invasion of Britain
Sea Lion
339
He was known as the "desert fox" and had hit major success in Africa from 1941-1942. He pushed the British back to Cairo, Egypt
General Erwin Rommel
340
In June 1941 Hitler nullified the nazi-soviet pact by invading the Soviet Union. A plan which takes its name from a medieval Germanic leader Frederick Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa
341
Nazi sent thousands of Jewish people here. Are detention centers for civilians who were considered enemies of the state
Concentration camps
342
Going even further the german people in 1941 devised a plan. Which was to kill all Jews
Final Solution of the Jewish Problem
343
By 1945 nazis massacred around six million Jews and the massacre became known as __________. Another six million other people (Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the disabled) were also killed totaling 12 million people
Holocaust
344
In March 1941 FDR persuaded congress to pass this act
Lend-Lease Act
345
Japanese planes bombed the American fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Killing 2,400 people and destroying battleships and aircrafts. FDR told the nation that this day was "a date which will live in infamy". He asked congress to declare war on Japan and on dec 11 Italy and Germany declared war on the u.s.
December 7, 1941
346
Women in these industries were symbolized by this character in the U.S. Is someone who puts the bolts in pieces of metal-which is used to construct airplanes, tanks, etc
Rosie the Riveter
347
Between 1942-1943 marked a turning point in WW2. The _______ started to win victories on all front (all areas around the world that were occupied by the axis power)
Allies
348
Are ships that transport aircraft and accommodate the takeoff and landing of airplanes
Aircraft carriers
349
June 1942 which was also fought entirely from air. Americans destroyed four Japanese carriers and more than 250 plane. After this battle the Japanese were unable to launch any more offensive operations
Battle of Midway
350
November of 1942 the allies finally halted the desert fox's advanced.
Battle of El Alamein
351
Took command of a joint british and American force in morocco and Algeria
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
352
Was one of the bloodiest battle of WW2
Battle of Stalingard
353
The most famous soviet sniper in Stalingard with 225 confirmed kills during the battle
Vasily Zaytsev
354
The allies chose this date as D-Day for the invasion of France (Normandy beach a key point in this attack
June 6 1944
355
The three leaders agreed that the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany's surrender and in return Churchill and Roosevelt promised Stalin that soviets would take possession of southern Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and an occupation zone in Korea
Yalta Conference
356
On May 7 German surrender, it was officially
VE Day (Victory in Europe Day)
357
Within the war won in Europe all the allies poured their resources into beating Japan. Were the two bloodiest battles against Japan
Battle of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa
358
Were Japanese pilots who were selected to do suicide dive bomb missions on enemy ships
Kamikaze
359
This project was named this because the army component the design of the project was designated the Manhattan district and by 1945 the first atomic bomb was tested in New Mexico
Manhattan Project
360
Took office because FDR unexpectedly
Harry Truman
361
On August 6, 1945 an American plane dropped atomic bomb over the city
Hiroshima
362
August 9,1945 the United States dropped a second bomb on __________ more than 40,000 people were killed instantly in this bomb
Nagasaki
363
Where hitler had state mass rallies in the 1930s
Nuremberg
364
Allowed each of its member nations one vote at the general assembly
UN Charter
365
In the UN the five greatest nations with greatest power created this. Consisted of Russia, Britain, France, and China
Security Council
366
Which is the name for the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union
Cold War
367
Was really good in the idea of containment of communism or limiting communism to areas that were under soviet control
Truman Doctrine
368
The untitled states funneled food and economic assistance to Europe to help countries rebuild
Marshall Plan
369
Tensions continued to grow into 1949 and the United States, Canada and the other countries formed a new military alliance. These countries pledged to help one another if anyone of them were attacked
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
370
This included the Soviet Union and seven satellite in Eastern Europe-this pact made sure that all Russians satellite nations stayed aligned with Russia
Warsaw Pact
371
A 1950s writer that seemed to be living the American Dream. She had a loving husband, healthy children and a house in the suburbs. Wrote a book, the feminine Mystique, in which she addressed this "problem that has no name"
Betty Friedan
372
The belief that women should have economic, political, and social quality with men. This belief had gained momentum during the mid-1800s and in the 1920 won women the right to vote
Feminism
373
The women's movement gained strength with the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender created this to handle discrimination claims
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
374
Betty Friedan create this to purse women's goals.
National Organization for Women (NOW)
375
Which is women's right as individual Americans and as human beings
Equality of Opportunity
376
Has been the focus of conflicts that have a global impact. Commands vast oil resources and key waterways such as the Persian gulf.
Middle East
377
Meanwhile there has been a major disputes between Israelis and Palestinian Arabs in the lands
Local Conflict
378
During the 1960s, america received much of its petroleum form the oil-producing countries of the Middle East. Many of these countries belonged to a cartel. Gradually raised oil prices
OPEC (Organization of petroleum exporting countries)
379
Terrorists attacked the United States. They hijacked four airplanes in mid-flight. The terrorists flew two of the planes into two skyscrapers at the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact caused the buildings to catch fire and collapse. Another plane destroyed part of the pentagon in Arlington, Virginia
September 11,2001 (9/11)
380
After the 9/11 attack bush declared what
War on terrorism
381
(Son of Henry II) was clever, cruel, and untrustworthy ruler
King John
382
Became king of France and was deeply religious man, he persecuted heretics or those who held contrary beliefs towards the church's teachings (he persecuted Jews and led french Knights in two crusades "wars against Muslims"
Louis IX
383
In 1054 he Was crowned king of Germany and later also became holy roman emperor
Henry IV
384
Was pope during this time and their reigns over the land created conflict between monarchs and the church escalated
Gregory VII
385
Took office in 1198 and claimed supremacy over all other rulers. In 1209 he aided Philip II and launched a brutal crusade "holy war" against Albigensians in southern France
Pope Innocent III
386
Was asked by byzantine emperor Alexius for christian Knights to help fight the Muslim Turks. This was not a good idea because only the first crusade came close to victory
Pope Urban II
387
His great work Summa Theologica concluded that faith and reason exist in harmony, because both lead to lead to the same truth (God rules over and orderly universe)
Thomas Aquinas
388
Because of famine, economic decline and the plague a long war broke out between France and England
100 Year War
389
Is a florentine who lived in the 1300s
Petrarch
390
Is a financial supporter of the arts
Patron
391
Was an artist who painted in his ow style- he is known for painting in style that blended christian and classical styles
Raphael
392
Wrote the book of the courtier-which es cried the manners, skills, learning and virtues that a member of the court should have
Baldassare Castiglinoe
393
Printed the first complete edition of the bible using a printing press with movable type
Johan Gutenberg
394
A region that include parts of present-day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands (where the northern Renaissance took place)
Flanders
395
Was a german painted who did engravings and paintings portraying religious upheaval
Albrecht Durer
396
Was a humanist who wrote texts on a number of subjects and used this knowledge of classical languages to produce a new greek edition of the bible
Erasmus
397
Was a humanist who pressed for social reform he wrote utopia which described an ideal society in which men and women life in peace and harmony
Thomas More
398
The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation-in his view that world was divided into saints and sinners
Predestination
399
Is a Swiss city-state
Geneva
400
A spanish knight raised in the crusading tradition, he grew up a strict programs for the Jesuits-included a spiritual and moral discipline with rigorous training and absolute obedience
Ignatius of Loyola
401
Symbolized the catholic reformation-born into a wealthy spanish family. She entered a convent in her youth, finding that convent life was not strict enough she established her own order of nuns, living in isolation, eating and sleeping very little and dedicating this,elves to prayer and mediation-the church was inspired by her and asked her to reform spanish convents and monasteries-after she passed she was canonized as a saint
Teresa of Avila
402
A polish school he published on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres in it he proposed a heliocentric
Nicolas Copernicus
403
Provided evidence that supported Copernicus's theory, every night for years he carefully observed the sky, accumulating data about the movement of the heavenly bodies
Tycho Brahe
404
Used a Brahe's data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
Johannes Kepler
405
Refined the alchemists view of chemicals as basic building blocks-that matter was composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways
Robert Boyle
406
Followed in dia's footsteps, leading four ships around the cape of good hope
Vasco da Gama
407
Were hubs of international trade
Mombasa and Malinda
408
Ruler of Kongo in west central Africa
Alfonso I
409
Was the commander of the Mughal empire (he controlled over much of India)
Alfonso de Albuquerques
410
Is located in present-day Ghana (Africa)
Asante Kingdom
411
A military leader who won control of the trading city of Kumasi and fainted control of the Asante kingdom. He fought off a neighboring African kingdom by uniting his kingdom firmly
Osei Tutu
412
Arose from successive waves of settlements by the Yoruba people (which is in present-day Nigeria)
Oyo Empire
413
Is off the coast of India, this location made it major military and commercial base of India
Goa
414
The first permanent european settlement to supply ships sailing to or from the East Indies
Cape Town
415
Were Dutch farmers who settle around Cape Town
Boers
416
One of the earliest conquistadors, who landed in Mexico in 1519 and took over the Aztec empire
Hernan Cortes
417
The capital of the Aztec Empire
Tenochtitlan
418
A young Indian women who served as translator and advisor to Cortes
Malinche
419
The Aztec emperor who faced the spanish invasion led by Cortes
Moctezuma
420
Spanish conquistador, who arrived in Peru in 1532, overran the incas, and conquered much of the continent of South America for Spain
Francisco Pizarro
421
A bold spanish priest who spoke out against the evils of the encomienda system and pleaded with the king to end the abuse
Bartolome de las Casas
422
A worker forced to labor for a landlord to pay off a debt
Peon
423
A war between France and England that erupted in 1754 in North America and ended in 1763
French and Indian War
424
African slave in the 1700s who published an autobiography detailing his experiences
Olaudah Equiano
425
A vast global exchange of goods, people, plants and animals that began with columbus and profoundly affected the world
Columbian Exchange
426
Worked for years to produce a 28 volume set of books called the encyclopedia
Denis Diderot
427
A german Lutheran, wrote beautiful religious works for organ and choirs, also wrote sonatas for violin and harpsichord
Johann Sebastian Bach
428
Was on the most important figures in the development of classical music-developed forms for ten string quartet and the symphony-was a closer friend to Mozart
Franz Joseph Haydn
429
Was a child prodigy who gained instant celebrity status as a composer and a performer-his brilliant operas, graceful symphonies and moving religious music helped define the new style of composition even thought he died in poverty at age 35 his musical legacy still thrives today
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
430
Wrote Robinson Crusoe-an exciting tale about a sailor shipwrecked on a tropical island
Daniel Defoe
431
Colonists called the death of five protesters
Boston Massacre
432
In 1773 a handful of colonies hurled a cargo of recently arrived british tea into the harbor to protest a tax on tea- this act became known as
The Boston tea party
433
Consist of representatives from each colony (gathered in Philadelphia) debated on what action they should take. Among them was a radical yet fair mined Massachusetts lawyer John Adams, who had defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre in their trial
First Continental Congress
434
A Virginia planter, soldier, political and social leader was also present and the first continental congress (first american president)
George Washington
435
On April 1775 the ongoing tension between the colonists and the British exploded into war in Lexington and concord mass
Revolutionary War or American Revolution
436
Some scientists speculate that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases, this was called
Germ Theory
437
Identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis
Robert Koch
438
Stated that "nobody ever helped me into carriage, or over mud puddles , or gives me any best place! And I ain't I a women?"
Sojourner Truth
439
William Wordsworth, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Byshee Shelley and other became part of a cultural movement which lasted from 1750-1850
Romanticism
440
Used simple, direct language, intense feelings and a glorification of nature
Romantic writer
441
Was a larger-than-lids figure that was equal to the character he wrote about
Byron
442
Novels and ballads evoked the turbulent history of Scottish clans or medieval knights
Sir Walter Scott's
443
Re-created France's past in novels like the three musketeers and the hunchback of Notre dame
Alexandre Dumas and Victor Hugo
444
In England had improved on earlier technologies to produce successful
Photograph
Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot
445
Developed a bold personality style to his paintings, looked flat and resembled "primitive folk art" his type of art evoked intense feeling
Paul Gauguin
446
Came to the throne in 1855 during the Crimean war. His reign represents the pattern of reform and repression used by his farther and grandfather Alexander I and Nicholas I
Alexander II
447
Had broken out after Russia tried to seize ottoman lands along the Danube River
Crimean War
448
Were made responsible for matters such as roads, repair, schools and agriculture
Zemstvos
449
Her reign was the longest in british history, even though she had little real political power, she set the tone for the age
Queen Victoria
450
A Hungarian jewish journalist living in France to call for the Jewish people to form their own separate state where they could have rights that were being otherwise denied to them
Theodor Herzl
451
Trekked into central africa looking for Livingston who hadn't been from for years
Henry Stanely
452
Launched the hundred days of refor. It set out new laws to modernize the civil service eases, streamline government and encourage new industries
Guangxu
453
In 1950 only one out of three women worked for wages. By 1960a that number increased to about 40 percent. Still during this time, certain jobs were considered "men work" and women were shut out. The jobs available to women-mostly clerical work, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing-paid poorly
Women in the work place
454
In what seemed at first to be another triumph for the women's movement, congress passed this amendment in 1972. The amendment then needed ratification by 38 states to become part of the constitution. First introduced to the contract in 1923, it would guarantee that both men and women would enjoy the same rights and protections under the law
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
455
Led the struggle against Israel. Were headed by yasir Arafat. Called for the destruction of Israelis at home and abroads. Gained national attention when they hijacked Aprils and killsd Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic game
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
456
Uprisings against Israel
Intifada
457
Signed the Oslo accords
Yasir Arafat and a Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
458
Is a radical Islamist group. Rejected israel's right to exist
Hamas
459
Responded by imposing an economic blockaded on Gaza
Israel
460
Responded by using Gaza as a launching ground for racket attacks on Israel
Hamas
461
Were forced off their lands in earlier want the rights to return to their lands
Palestinians
462
Opposed the right because it could overwhelm the Jewish state with large numbers of Palestinians
Israelis
463
Obstacle was the issue of Jewish settlements in the West Bank
Second Issue
464
An area claimed by Palestinians
West Bank
465
A city that is sacred to the Jewish people, Christians and Muslims Israel occur odd Arab east Jerusalem in 1967
Jerusalem
466
Headquarters at the watergate office and apartment complex in Washington, D.C.
Democratic National Committee (DNC)
467
In spring of 1974, president Nixon told a television audience that he was released 1,254 pages of edits transcripts of the White House conversations about
Watergate
468
President Nixon maintained that he had done nothing wrong. At a press conference in November 1973, he proclaimed
He wasn't a crook
469
Energy-saving measures that could do little to combat a sudden new economic crisis
Under Carter
470
Led rebels in overthrowing the shah and establishing a religious stated based on strict obedience to the Qur'an, the sacred book of Islam
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
471
Is transmitted through bodily fluids and most of the early victims of the disease were either homosexual men or intravenous drug use who shared needles
Aids
472
Gorbachev advocated a policy which means openness
Glasnost
473
Signed on December 8,1987. Eliminated two classes of weapons systems in Europe and allowed each nation to make on-site inspection of the other's military installation
INF Treaty (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)
474
East Germans startled the world by repudiating their communist government
October 1989
475
Iraq leaders Eclipsed U.S. Problems with Iran
Saddam Hussein
476
Hussein had claimed that the oil-rich nation.Was really plant of Iraq
Kuwait
477
Kuwait, would control one-half of the world's known oil resources, which would severely threaten
U.s. Oil Supplies
