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World History 9 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

0
Q

Everyone in France was divided into social classes or

A

Estate

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1
Q

Or old order

A

Ancien Regime

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2
Q

Made of clergy

A

First estate

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3
Q

Made of notability

A

Second Estate

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4
Q

Made of the rest of population

A

Third Estate

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5
Q

Did provide some social services-Nun, Monks, and Priests ran schools, hospital, and orphanages. But during the Enlightenment philosophes targeted the church for reform-thug criticized the idleness of some clergy, the church’s interference in politics and ifs intolerance of dissent

A

First Estate

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6
Q

Was titled nobility of French society-in the Middle Ages noble knights had defended the land, in the 1600s Richelieu and Louis XIV had crushed the nobles military power though they owned land, they received little financial income

A

Second Estate

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7
Q

Was the most diverse social class-at the top they say the Bourgeoisie-or middle class-they consisted of prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufactures, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and professors. Among the poorest members of the Third Estate was urban worker

A

Third Estate

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8
Q

This occurs when the government spends more money than it takes in

A

Deficit spending

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9
Q

Was well-meaning but weak and indecisive-he did however chose wisely and picked Jacques Necker-a financial expert as an advisor-Necker urged the king to reduce extravagant court spending, reform government, and abolish burdensome tariffs on internal trade

A

Louis XVI

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10
Q

The legislative body consisting of representative of the three estates, before making any changes

A

Estates General

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11
Q

Notebooks, listing their grievances. Called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of press, or regular meetings of the Estates-General

A

Cahiers

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12
Q

They swore “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution”

A

Tennis Court Oath

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13
Q

A grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners

A

Bastille

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14
Q

Turned France into a constitutional monarchy

A

Moderate Phase of the National Assembly (1789-1791)

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15
Q

Led an end of the monarchy and a Reign of Terror

A

Radical Phase of Escalating Violence (1792-1794)

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16
Q

Against extremes

A

Directory Phase of Reaction (1795-1799)

17
Q

Consolidated many revolution changes

A

Phase of Napoleon Phase (1799-1815)

18
Q

A journalist demanded equal rights for women in the declaration of the right so women and the female citizen

A

Olympe de Gouges

19
Q

Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it’s revolutionary forces

A

Émigrés

20
Q

a government ruled by elected representative instead of a monarch

A

Republic

21
Q

Were mostly middle-class lawyers or intellectual-they used pamphleteers and sympathetic newspaper editors to advance the republican cause

A

Jacobins

22
Q

The right to vote was to be extended to all male citizens, not just property owners

A

Suffrage

23
Q

Which lasted from September 1793 to July 1794

A

Reign of Terror

24
Q

It is a fast falling blade extinguished life instantly- a member of the legislature Dr. Joseph Gullotin, had introduced it as a more humane method of beheading than the uncertain ax

A

Guillotine

25
Q

Stated to emerge as chaos threatened France, politicians turned to him because he was a popular military hero who had won a series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

26
Q

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country spread throughout France

A

Nationalism

27
Q

A popular vote-(each time the French supported him)

A

Plebiscite

28
Q

Incorporated into his empire (Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany

A

Annexed

29
Q

Closed European ports to British goods-Britian responded with its own blockade of European ports

A

Continental System

30
Q

A hit-and-run raids against the French (Spanish Guerrilla means “little war” Spanish Resistance encouraged Austria to resume hostilities against France)

A

Guerrilla War

31
Q

Left the French hungry and cold was winter came

A

Scorched Earth Policy

32
Q

They faced the monumental task of restoring stability and order in Europe after years of war

A

Congress of Vienna

33
Q

European powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe

A

Concert of Europe

34
Q

The aristocratic “hero of two worlds”-he was the head of the National Guard, a largely middle-class militia organized in responses to the arrival of royal troops in Paris

A

Marquis de Lafayette

35
Q

The document modeled in part on the American Declaration of Independence, written 13 years earlier and stated “all men are “born and remain free and equal in rights” and had natural rights to “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

36
Q

On October 5, 1791 six thousand women marched 13 miles in the poring rain from Paris to Versailles shouting “Bread” demanding to see the king

A

Women March on Versailles

37
Q

Daughter of Maria Theresa and sister of Joseph II-she lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, which led to further public unrest

A

Marie Antoinette

38
Q

Was a shrewd layers and political quickly rose to the leadership of the Committee of Public Safety-among Jacobins, his selfless dedication to the revolution earned him the nickname “the incorruptible”

A

Maximilien Robespierre

39
Q

It embodied enlightenment principles such as equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism

A

Napoleonic Code

40
Q

Stepped down from power

A

Abdicated

World History 9 (17 decks)

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