Chapter 18

Question 0

Everyone in France was divided into social classes or

Answer 0

Estate

Question 1

Or old order

Answer 1

Ancien Regime

Question 2

Made of clergy

Answer 2

First estate

Question 3

Made of notability

Answer 3

Second Estate

Question 4

Made of the rest of population

Answer 4

Third Estate

Question 5

Did provide some social services-Nun, Monks, and Priests ran schools, hospital, and orphanages. But during the Enlightenment philosophes targeted the church for reform-thug criticized the idleness of some clergy, the church’s interference in politics and ifs intolerance of dissent

Answer 5

First Estate

Question 6

Was titled nobility of French society-in the Middle Ages noble knights had defended the land, in the 1600s Richelieu and Louis XIV had crushed the nobles military power though they owned land, they received little financial income

Answer 6

Second Estate

Question 7

Was the most diverse social class-at the top they say the Bourgeoisie-or middle class-they consisted of prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufactures, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and professors. Among the poorest members of the Third Estate was urban worker

Answer 7

Third Estate

Question 8

This occurs when the government spends more money than it takes in

Answer 8

Deficit spending

Question 9

Was well-meaning but weak and indecisive-he did however chose wisely and picked Jacques Necker-a financial expert as an advisor-Necker urged the king to reduce extravagant court spending, reform government, and abolish burdensome tariffs on internal trade

Answer 9

Louis XVI

Question 10

The legislative body consisting of representative of the three estates, before making any changes

Answer 10

Estates General

Question 11

Notebooks, listing their grievances. Called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of press, or regular meetings of the Estates-General

Answer 11

Cahiers

Question 12

They swore “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution”

Answer 12

Tennis Court Oath

Question 13

A grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners

Answer 13

Bastille

Question 14

Turned France into a constitutional monarchy

Answer 14

Moderate Phase of the National Assembly (1789-1791)

Question 15

Led an end of the monarchy and a Reign of Terror

Answer 15

Radical Phase of Escalating Violence (1792-1794)

Question 16

Against extremes

Answer 16

Directory Phase of Reaction (1795-1799)

Question 17

Consolidated many revolution changes

Answer 17

Phase of Napoleon Phase (1799-1815)

Question 18

A journalist demanded equal rights for women in the declaration of the right so women and the female citizen

Answer 18

Olympe de Gouges

Question 19

Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it’s revolutionary forces

Answer 19

Émigrés

Question 20

a government ruled by elected representative instead of a monarch

Answer 20

Republic

Question 21

Were mostly middle-class lawyers or intellectual-they used pamphleteers and sympathetic newspaper editors to advance the republican cause

Answer 21

Jacobins

Question 22

The right to vote was to be extended to all male citizens, not just property owners

Answer 22

Suffrage

Question 23

Which lasted from September 1793 to July 1794

Answer 23

Reign of Terror

Question 24

It is a fast falling blade extinguished life instantly- a member of the legislature Dr. Joseph Gullotin, had introduced it as a more humane method of beheading than the uncertain ax

Answer 24

Guillotine

Question 25

Stated to emerge as chaos threatened France, politicians turned to him because he was a popular military hero who had won a series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy

Answer 25

Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 26

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country spread throughout France

Answer 26

Nationalism

Question 27

A popular vote-(each time the French supported him)

Answer 27

Plebiscite

Question 28

Incorporated into his empire (Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany

Answer 28

Annexed

Question 29

Closed European ports to British goods-Britian responded with its own blockade of European ports

Answer 29

Continental System

Question 30

A hit-and-run raids against the French (Spanish Guerrilla means "little war" Spanish Resistance encouraged Austria to resume hostilities against France)

Answer 30

Guerrilla War

Question 31

Left the French hungry and cold was winter came

Answer 31

Scorched Earth Policy

Question 32

They faced the monumental task of restoring stability and order in Europe after years of war

Answer 32

Congress of Vienna

Question 33

European powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe

Answer 33

Concert of Europe

Question 34

The aristocratic "hero of two worlds"-he was the head of the National Guard, a largely middle-class militia organized in responses to the arrival of royal troops in Paris

Answer 34

Marquis de Lafayette

Question 35

The document modeled in part on the American Declaration of Independence, written 13 years earlier and stated "all men are "born and remain free and equal in rights" and had natural rights to "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression"

Answer 35

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 36

On October 5, 1791 six thousand women marched 13 miles in the poring rain from Paris to Versailles shouting "Bread" demanding to see the king

Answer 36

Women March on Versailles

Question 37

Daughter of Maria Theresa and sister of Joseph II-she lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, which led to further public unrest

Answer 37

Marie Antoinette

Question 38

Was a shrewd layers and political quickly rose to the leadership of the Committee of Public Safety-among Jacobins, his selfless dedication to the revolution earned him the nickname "the incorruptible"

Answer 38

Maximilien Robespierre

Question 39

It embodied enlightenment principles such as equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism

Answer 39

Napoleonic Code

Question 40

Stepped down from power

Answer 40

Abdicated