Final Exam - Notes: pages 1-6 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

__________ : resistance of an individual to disease that affects other species and other individuals of the same species; also referred to as a species barrier, or genetic immunity

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Innate immunity: resistance of an individual to disease that affects other species and other individuals of the same species; also referred to as a __________ barrier, or genetic __________

species

- immunity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ :

This type of immunity is considered fully functional at birth, in the absence of previous contact with microorganisms.

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ acquired = acquired in a normal life experience

Naturally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ acquired = acquired during a medical procedure

Artificially

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ = a person is making antibodies; have memory

Active

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

Active = a person is making antibodies; __________ memory

have

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ = a person is given antibodies; no memory; antibodies last a short time; Immediate protection

Passive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Acquired Immunity -

Passive = a person is given antibodies; __________ memory; antibodies last a __________ time; Immediate protection

- short

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ acquired __________ immunity (memory):

Antigens enter the body naturally; body produces antibodies. These antibodies are long lasting

Naturally

- active

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Naturally acquired active immunity (memory):

Antigens enter the body naturally; __________ produces antibodies. These antibodies are __________

body

- long lasting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ acquired __________ immunity (no memory):
A) Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (colostrum). These antibodies provide immediate protection but last only for a short time

Naturally

- passive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Naturally acquired passive immunity (no memory):
A) __________ pass from mother to __________ via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (colostrum). These antibodies provide immediate protection but last only for a short time

Antibodies

- fetus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Naturally acquired passive immunity (no memory):
A) Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (__________). These antibodies provide __________ protection but last only for a __________ time

colostrum
immediate
short

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ acquired __________ immunity (memory):
Antigens are introduced artificially via vaccination; body responds by producing antibodies (All types of vaccination are AAAI)

Artificially

- active

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Artificially acquired active immunity (memory):
Antigens are introduced artificially via __________; body responds by producing __________ (All types of vaccination are AAAI)

vaccination

- antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ acquired __________ immunity (no memory):
Person receives antibodies via antiserum (antitoxin, immunoglobulin, gamma globulin = All mean the same thing - Purified antibodies)

Artificially

- passive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Artificially acquired passive immunity (no memory):
Person receives antibodies via __________ (antitoxin, immunoglobulin, gamma globulin = All mean the same thing - Purified __________)

antiserum

- antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disease: __________

-Disease of the genitourinary system

Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disease: Trichomoniasis

-Disease of the __________ system

Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis

genitourinary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disease: Trichomoniasis

-Disease of the genitourinary system

Etiology: Trichomonas __________

vaginalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Reservoir: __________

Human

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Mode of Transmission: __________

-Direct Contact

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disease: __________

- This is probably the most common STI/STD in America, but it is not reportable

Trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Disease: __________ - Men rarely have signs or symptoms (STI). If they do, these include Itching and burning during urination; some discharge

Trichomoniasis

-Disease: Trichomoniasis- Men rarely have signs or symptoms (STI). If they do, these include __________ and burning during urination; some __________

- Itching | - discharge

-Disease: __________ - Women have signs/symptoms (STD) - -Itching and burning during urination - -Profuse greenish yellow discharge - -Foul odor.

Trichomoniasis

-Disease: Trichomoniasis- Women have signs/symptoms (STD) - -Itching and burning during __________ - -Profuse greenish yellow discharge - -Foul __________ .

- urination | - odor

-Disease: Trichomoniasis- Treatment: __________ (Flagyl)

-Metronidazole

-Disease: __________ - Treatment: Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Trichomoniasis

-Disease: Trichomoniasis- Prevention: __________

Condom use

-Disease: Trichomoniasis- - __________ transmission can cause preterm delivery: STORCH - -Low birth __________

- Vertical | - weight

Disease: __________ Etiology: Neisseria gonorrhea

Gonorrhea

Disease: Gonorrhea Etiology: __________ gonorrhea

Neisseria

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Reservoir: __________

Human

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Mode of Transmission: __________ (STI/STD);

Direct Contact

-Disease: __________ - Invasion causes inflammation --> leukocytes more to the area (pus) - Men: single exposure results in infection - Women: single exposure results in infection - Women are more likely to become infected from exposure

Gonorrhea

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Invasion causes inflammation --> __________ more to the area (pus) - Men: single exposure results in __________ - Women: single exposure results in infection - Women are more likely to become infected from exposure

- leukocytes | - infection

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Invasion causes inflammation --> leukocytes more to the area (pus) - Men: single exposure results in infection - Women: single exposure results in infection - Women are __________ likely to become infected from __________

- more | - exposure

-Disease: __________ - Signs & Symptoms: Men: Painful urination, discharge of urethral pus -STD Women: Most women have a subclinical infection -Usually STI Painful urination, vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Signs & Symptoms: Men: Painful urination, discharge of __________ pus -STD Women: Most women have a __________ infection -Usually STI Painful urination, vaginal discharge

- urethral | - subclinical

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Treatment: __________

Antibiotics

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Prevention: __________

Condom use

-Disease: __________ - All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal endocarditis (heart), gonorrheal meningitis (brain), pharyngeal gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal arthritis

Gonorrhea

-Disease: Gonorrhea- All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal __________ (heart), gonorrheal __________ (brain), pharyngeal gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal arthritis

- endocarditis | - meningitis

-Disease: Gonorrhea- All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal endocarditis (heart), gonorrheal meningitis (brain), __________ gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal __________

- pharyngeal | - arthritis

-Disease: __________ - Woman: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Salpingitis: infection of the fallopian tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to uterus-infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic/abdominal pain

Gonorrhea

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Woman: Pelvic __________ Disease (PID) __________ : infection of the fallopian tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to uterus-infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic/abdominal pain

- Inflammatory | - Salpingitis

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Woman: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Salpingitis: infection of the __________ tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to __________ -infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic __________ pain

- fallopian - uterus - pelvic/abdominal

-Disease: Gonorrhea- Men: __________ ; epididymitis leading to scarring which leads to __________

- Urethritis | - infertility

Disease: __________ (Winter Vomiting Disease) - Inflammation of the lining of the G.I tract

Viral Gastroenteritis

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (__________ Disease) - Inflammation of the lining of the __________

- Winter Vomiting | - G.I tract

Disease: __________ Etiology: Norwalk Virus (Norovirus)

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease) Etiology: __________ (Norovirus)

Norwalk Virus

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Characteristics of the organism: __________

Virus

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Reservoir: __________

Human (enteric)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Mode of Transmission: __________

Fecal --> Oral

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Mode of Transmission: __________ : most common modes of transmission in developing countries

Food borne & Waterborne

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Mode of Transmission: __________ : most common mode of transmission in America

Indirect contact

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Signs & Symptoms: Primary cause of viral __________ in older children and adults

gastroenteritis

-Disease: __________ - Signs & Symptoms: Primary cause of viral gastroenteritis in older children and adults

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Signs & Symptoms: Invasion period: __________, Vomiting, __________

- Nausea | - Diarrhea

-Disease: __________ - Signs & Symptoms: Invasion period: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: __________ - | Most people remain carriers for as long as 2 days after the convalescence period Convalescent carrier

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- | Most people remain carriers for as long as __ days after the __________ period Convalescent carrier

- 2 | - convalescence

-Disease: __________ - Treatment: Fluid, Electrolytes

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Treatment: __________

Fluid, Electrolytes

-Disease: __________ - Prevention: - Hand washing - Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work - Bleach will inactivate the virus

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Prevention: - Hand __________ - Boil Water - Heat inactivates __________ - Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work - Bleach will inactivate the virus

- washing | - Norwalk

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Prevention: - Hand washing - Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk - __________ Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Alcohol __________ inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work - Bleach will inactivate the virus

- Cook | - will Not

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Prevention: - Hand washing - Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk - Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so __________ will not work - __________ will inactivate the virus

- hand-sanitizer | - Bleach

-Disease: __________ - Sometimes referred to as the stomach flu or the 24 hour flu (not actually the flu)

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Sometimes referred to as the __________ or the 24 hour flu (__________ actually the flu)

- stomach flu | - not

-Disease: __________ - Causers of outbreaks —> Foods most likely to be implicated are leafy vegetables, fruit, mollusks

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- Causers of __________ —> Foods most likely to be implicated are leafy __________, fruit, mollusks

- outbreaks | - vegetables

-Disease: __________ - The majority of outbreaks in America were due to food workers using bare hands to touch ready to eat food.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)- The majority of outbreaks in America were due to __________ workers using __________ hands to touch ready to eat food.

- food | - bare

Disease: __________ Etiology: Rotavirus (non-enveloped DS RNA virus)

Viral Gastroenteritis

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis Etiology: __________ (non-enveloped DS RNA virus)

Rotavirus

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis Etiology: Rotavirus (non-enveloped __________ virus)

DS RNA

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis- Leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children; most __________ have had an infection by __________ years of age.

- children | - 3-5

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis- In third world countries the WHO is promoting __________ which is __________ passive immunity

- breastfeeding | - Natural

-Disease: __________ - In third world countries the WHO is promoting breastfeeding which is Natural passive immunity

Viral Gastroenteritis

-Disease: __________ - Leading cause of infant mortality in developing nations

Viral Gastroenteritis

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis- Leading cause of __________ mortality in __________ nations

- infant | - developing

Disease: __________ (Erythema Infectiosum) - Disease of the respiratory tract - Contagious disease

Fifth Disease

Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema __________ ) - Disease of the respiratory tract - Contagious disease

Infectiosum

Disease: Fifth Disease (__________ Infectiosum) - Disease of the respiratory tract - Contagious disease

Erythema

- Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- - Disease of the __________ tract - __________ disease

- respiratory | - Contagious

-Disease: __________ - Etiology: Parvovirus B-19

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Etiology: __________

Parvovirus B-19

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Reservoir: __________

Human

-Disease: __________ - Mode of Transmission: - Droplet - -Breathing - -Coughing - -Sneezing

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Mode of Transmission: - __________ - -Breathing - - __________ - -Sneezing

- Droplet | - Coughing

-Disease: __________ - The disease is contagious when the signs/symptoms resemble a common cold, and before you get the rash or joint pain. After the rash appears the disease is “probably” non-communicable.

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- The disease is contagious when the signs/symptoms resemble a __________ , and before you get the rash or joint pain. After the rash appears the disease is “probably” __________ .

- common cold | - non-communicable

-Disease: __________ - Prodromal Period: Runny nose, Headache, Fever --Contagious

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Prodromal Period: Runny nose, __________, Fever -- __________

- Headache | - Contagious

-Disease: __________ - Invasion Period: Red rash on the face called “slapped cheek” rash--Noncommunicable

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Invasion Period: __________ on the face called “slapped cheek” rash-- __________

- Red rash | - Noncommunicable

-Disease: __________ - Adults, especially women, can develop Polyarthropathy syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the joints. This can last up to a month. It usually goes away without any long term problems

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Adults, especially women, can develop __________ syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the __________. This can last up to a month. It usually goes away without any long term problems

- Polyarthropathy | - joints

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Adults, especially women, can develop Polyarthropathy syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the joints. This can last up to a __________. It usually goes away without any __________ term problems

- month | - long

-Disease: __________ - Vertical Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-negative. In most cases there is no illness but if exposure occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of miscarriage, or the baby having severe anemia

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- __________ Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-__________ . In most cases there is no illness but if exposure occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of miscarriage, or the baby having severe anemia

- Vertical | - negative

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Vertical Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-negative. In most cases there is no illness but if __________ occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of __________, or the baby having severe __________

- exposure - miscarriage - anemia

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Treatment: __________

No treatment

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Prevention: __________

Hand washing

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Complications of Fifth disease for people who are __________ include chronic anemia

-immunocompromised

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)- Complications of Fifth disease for people who are immunocompromised include chronic __________

anemia