Lab 1 Exam - Terminology / Questions Flashcards
1
Q
__________ : Plastic plate in which Agar is placed
A
Petri plate
2
Q
__________ : Food for the organism
A
Culture Media
3
Q
__________ : Solid culture media (gel in media)
A
Agar
4
Q
__________ : is also a generic term used to describe any food for a microbe
A
Agar
5
Q
__________ : grow on the surface of the agar
A
Microbes
6
Q
Agar plates are __________ when not in use. and the label goes on the __________
A
- Upside down
- Backside
7
Q
__________ : Population of microbes growing on the surface of the agar
A
Colony
8
Q
__________ : Liquid culture media
A
Broth
9
Q
__________ : Cloudy: broth ________ Indicates microbe are growing in the media
A
- Turbid
- Turbidity
10
Q
__________ : Destroy all life (microbes)
A
Sterilize
11
Q
__________ : Free of all life (microbes)
A
Sterile
12
Q
__________ : A chamber in which steam asunder pressure: used to sterilize material in microbiology
A
Autoclave
13
Q
__________ : Chamber set at a specific temperature. This is where the inoculated agar plates and tubes containing broth are placed to grow cultures
A
Incubator
14
Q
__________ : Techniques to avoid contamination
A
Aseptic techniques
15
Q
__________ : To introduce or transfer microbes into “something” such as culture media
A
Inoculate
16
Q
__________ : Ocular Magnification X Objective Magnification
A
Total Magnification
17
Q
Total Magnification : __________ Magnification X __________ Magnification
A
- Ocular
- Objective
18
Q
Ocular Magnification is __X
A
10
19
Q
Objective magnification is the __________
A
Lens choice
20
Q
__________ : Automatic focusing
A
Parfocal
21
Q
__________ : The area viewed through the ocular lens
A
Field of view
22
Q
__________ : The distance between the end of the objective lens and the slide
A
Working distance
23
Q
__________ : Ability to see detail: Clarity
A
Resolution
24
Q
__________ : Adjustments in the distance between the ocular lenses to fit the eyes of the user
A
Interpupillary Adjustment
25
Two ways to control light intensity are:
- On/Off Intensity regulator
| - Iris Diaphragm
26
-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-
1.
2.
3. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
4. Move low power objective into position
5. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on
| 2. Close the iris diaphragm
27
-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-
1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on
2. Close the iris diaphragm
3.
4.
5. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
3. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
4. Move low power objective into position
28
-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-
1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on
2. Close the iris diaphragm
3. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
4. Move low power objective into position
5.
5. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
29
Objective Lens Power:
Scanning Power = __X
4
30
Objective Lens Power:
Low Power = __X
10
31
Objective Lens Power:
High Dry Power = __X
40
32
Objective Lens Power:
Oil Immersion = __X
100
33
Objective Lens Band Color:
Oil Immersion = __________
White
34
Objective Lens Band Color:
High Dry Power = __________
Blue
35
Objective Lens Band Color:
Low Power = __________
Yellow
36
Objective Lens Band Color:
Scanning Power = __________
Red
37
4 examples of Aseptic techniques:
1.
2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
Flaming the loop/needle
38
4 examples of Aseptic techniques:
1. Flaming the loop/needle
2.
3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
Flaming the mouth of a test tube
39
4 examples of Aseptic techniques:
1. Flaming the loop/needle
2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
3.
4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
40
4 examples of Aseptic techniques:
1. Flaming the loop/needle
2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
4.
Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
41
Why is it important that petri plates be incubated upside down?
So the condensation does not drip down onto the agar
42
How many times should the mouth of a test-tube be flamed after the lid is taken off?
3
43
Why should the mouth of the test-tube be flamed when the lid is taken off?
To prevent contaminants
44
Why is it important that after being flamed, a loop must be cooled before it is used to perform an inoculation?
- So you don't kill the bacteria
| - Dont create aerosols
45
How would you determine which area on an agar was the most contaminated?
The area with the most colonies
46
How can you determine if different types of microbes are growing on the sampled area of an agar?
Different Colony Morphology
47
What types of microbes are growing on the PDA plate?
Yeast and Mold
48
What types of microbes are growing on the TSA plate?
Bacteria
49
Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:
```
-
-
-Head
-Ocular Lens
-Magnification Knob
```
- Base
| - Focusing Knob
50
Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:
-Base
-Focusing Knob
-
-
-Magnification Knob
- Head
| - Ocular Lens
51
Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:
-Base
-Focusing Knob
-Head
-Ocular Lens
-
-Magnification Knob
52
Highest total magnification that can be reached with a Dissecting Microscope is ___X
300X
53
Magnification of the magnification knob on a dissecting microscope is ____X
7-30
54
The dissecting microscope in Microbiology is used to?
Determine colony morphology
55
In what fields of biology would a dissecting microscope be used?
Microbiology - to see colonies
56
Bacterial cells can be classified as being either __________ or __________
- Monomorphic
| - Pleomorphic
57
Monomorphic cells have __________
Single Shape
58
Pleomorphic cells have __________
Variable forms
59
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Spherical Shape
Coccus
60
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Rod shape
Bacillus
61
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Oval Shape
Coccobacillus
62
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Comma shape
Vibrio
63
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Spiral shape
Spirillum
64
-Bacterial Shapes-
__________ : Spiral shape: longer and more tightly coiled than the spiral shape of a Spirillum
Spirochete
65
-Bacterial Shapes-
Bacillus : Rod shape
i.
ii.
i. Short bacilli
| ii. Long bacilli
66
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-
__________ : pair of cocci
Diplococcus
67
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-
__________ : chain of cocci
Streptococcus
68
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-
__________ : cluster of cocci
Staphylococcus
69
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-
__________ : cocci in groups of 4
Tetrad
70
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-
__________ : pair of rods
Diplobacillus
71
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-
__________ : chain of rods
Streptobacillus
72
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-
__________ : rods lined up parallel to one another, also known as a picket fence arrangement. V-shape
Palisade
73
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-
__________ : rods that have no grouping pattern; Bacilli with no arrangement
Irregular
74
-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-
Irregular : rods that have no grouping pattern; Bacilli with no arrangement
- Not a __________
- None of those in __________
- Cluster
| - Rods
75
What is the purpose of doing a quadrant streak?
To isolate a pure culture (colonies)
76
After a quadrant streak has been completed, how will you know the the technique has been done correctly?
There will be isolated colonies in the fourth quadrant
77
__________ : The bacterial cell has been stained, but the excess dye has been washed off the cell resulting in colored cells against a colorless background
Positive Staining technique
78
A positive staining technique can be classified as either __________ or __________
- Simple
| - Differential
79
A __________ staining technique uses only one dye
Simple
80
A __________ staining technique uses more than one dye
differential
81
A __________ staining technique results in colorless cells against a colored background
negative
82
Whats the purpose of doing a heat-fixed smear?
To isolate a pure culture
83
What is the purpose of making a heat-fixed smear?
To fix the bacteria to the slide
84
Two examples of aseptic techniques that are used when making a heat-fixed smear are:
-
-
- Flaming the loop
| - Not taking the lid off the agar plate
85
Why must the smear be as thin as possible?
So the stain comes out correctly
86
Why must a heat fixed smear be made before the staining technique is performed?
So you don't wash the bacteria off the slide
87
Some morphological characteristics of bacteria that can be determined by doing a simple stain are:
Shape and grouping pattern
88
Why must the smear be dried by blotting the slide rather than rubbing it dry?
So you don't wipe the bacteria off the slide
89
-Gram Stain-
Primary stain : __________
Crystal violet
90
-Gram Stain-
Mordant : __________
Iodine
91
-Gram Stain-
Decolorizing agent : __________
Ethyl alcohol
92
-Gram Stain-
Secondary stain / Counter stain : __________
Safranin
93
Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:
1.
2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
3. Making the smear too thick
4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
The age of the culture
94
Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:
1. The age of the culture
2.
3. Making the smear too thick
4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
95
Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:
1. The age of the culture
2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
3.
4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
Making the smear too thick
96
Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:
1. The age of the culture
2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
3. Making the smear too thick
4.
Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
97
What color will Gram positive bacteria stain if the iodine step is skipped during the Gram staining procedure?
Pink
98
What color would Gram positive bacterium be stained if the decolorizing agent is left on the slide for too long of a time period?
Pink
99
What color would a Gram negative bacterium be observed as, if the Gram staining procedure was stopped after crystal violet was added to the smear?
Purple
100
__________ stain : Malachite green (stains endospores)
Primary
101
Primary stain : Malachite green (stains __________ )
endospores
102
__________ stain : Safranin (stains the vegetative cells)
Secondary
103
Secondary stain : Safranin (stains __________)
the vegetative cells
104
What is the name of the primary stain and the counter-stain in the endospore staining technique?
Primary stain - Malachite Green
| Secondary stain - Safranin
105
What color would the vegetative cell be if safranin was not added to the smear?
Colorless
106
-Acid-Fast Stain-
Primary stain : __________
Carbol fuchsin
107
-Acid-Fast Stain-
Decolorizing agent : __________
Acid alcohol
108
-Acid-Fast Stain-
Secondary stain : __________
Methylene blue
109
__________ has wax in its cell wall, and is Acid-Fast (+) --> fuchsia
Mycobacterium
110
Mycobacterium has wax in its cell wall, and is Acid-Fast (+) --> __________
fuchsia
111
All other __________ in class are Acid-fast (-) --> blue
bacteria
112
All other bacteria in class are Acid-fast (-) --> __________
blue
113
2 diseases that are caused by acid-fast bacilli:
- TB
| - Leprosy
114
Why will E. coli not stain fuchsia (red/purple) after being acid-fast stained?
Because it has no wax in its cell wall
115
What color would a species of Mycobacterium be stained if acid-alcohol was used for too long a time period?
Blue
116
Why was it difficult to smear the Mycobacterium smegmatis culture when making a heat-fixed smear?
The wax makes it sticky
117
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
Capsules protect bacteria from?
Phagocytosis
118
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
What dye is used in the staining technique to see capsules?
Nigrosin
119
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
Why was the slide not heat-fixed?
Heat destroys capsules
120
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
Why is the capsule/negative stain a type of simple stain?
only one dye is used
121
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
How does a capsule increase bacterial virulence?
Protects the bacteria from Phagocytosis
122
-Negative Stain for Capsules-
Why would capsules not be observed if Klebsiella pneumoniae is Gram stained?
because you have to heat fix to gram stain and heat destroys capsules
123
What is the main function of metachromatic granules?
to store phosphate
124
What bacterium has metachromatic granules?
Corynebacterium
125
Why is the metachromatic granule stain a type of simple stain?
Only one dye is used
126
What is the function of flagella?
Move the bacteria
127
What is meant by the term motile?
Can move
128
What is meant by the term nonmotile?
Can not move
129
__________ is a motile organism
E. coli
130
__________ is a nonmotile organism
Micrococcus
131
What is the advantage of doing a wet mount?
It's fast
132
What is the disadvantage of doing a wet mount?
Not recommended for pathogens
133
What is the advantage of using the culture method?
Recommended for pathogens
134
What is the disadvantage of using the culture method?
24 hours to see results
135
-Wet mount in iodine-
__________ is reproduction in yeast
Budding
136
What procedure was done to observe budding, and a nucleus?
Wet Mount in Iodine
