FMS- Ford :)

Question 1

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and is associated with the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 1

Phrenic Nerve

Question 2

The mesothelium of the parietal layer of the body wall is derived from _

Answer 2

Somatic Mesoderm

Question 3

The crura of the diaphragm are derived from the

Answer 3

Dorsal Mesentary of the esophagus

Question 4

The fibrous pericardium is derived from

Answer 4

the pleuropericardial membranes

Question 5

Which of the following are retroperitoneal? (either primary or secondary)?

Answer 5

**Kidney ** or is it Kidney and Bladder

Question 6

Which of the following is a herniation through the sternocostal hiatus?

Answer 6

retrosternal hernia

Question 7

Which of the following is developed from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 7

muscles of mastication

Question 8

Which of the following is derived from the second aortic arch?

Answer 8

Hyoid artery

Question 9

The thalamus develops from the

Answer 9

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Question 10

The cells that produce calcitonin are derived from

Answer 10

fourth pharyngeal pouch

Question 11

The middle ear ossicles are derived from

Answer 11

First & Second Pharyngeal arch *answer is D on test A&B

Question 12

Which of the following is caused by an autosomal dominant gene and results in malar hypoplasia of zygomatic bones with down slanting palpebral fissures, defect of lower eyelids, deformed external ears and sometimes abnormalities of middle and internal ears?

Answer 12

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Question 13

The primary palate is derived (directly) from ?

Answer 13

intermaxillary segment - you were right Baleigh

Question 14

The foramen cecum

Answer 14

marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thyroid gland

Question 15

A patient is found to have glandular tissue situated in the tongue musculature just superior to the body of the hyoid bone. THe tissue would be most likely to be related to the -

Answer 15

Thyroid Gland

Question 16

The sclera is derived from

Answer 16

Neural Crest Cells

Question 17

If the retinal (chorioid) tissue fails to close, it may result in

Answer 17

Coloboma

Question 18

Microtia is

Answer 18

small auricle

Question 19

an increase in CSF pressure slows venous return from the retina & may cause

Answer 19

Papilledema

Question 20

Which of the following is an autosomal recessive trait that results in skin that is markedly thickened, ridges and cracked? Most infants with this will die within first week of life

Answer 20

Harlequin fetus

Question 21

Melanocytes are derived from

Answer 21

Neural Crest Cells

Question 22

The enamel of a tooth is derived from

Answer 22

Ectoderm (non-neural ectoderm)

Question 23

At the developing nail is covered by a narrow band of epidermis called the

Answer 23

eponchium

Question 24

Excessive harrisness that results from the development of supernumerary hair follicles or from the persistence of lanugo hairs is called

Answer 24

hypertrichosis

Question 25

T/F "Flight or fight" occurs in the exhaustion stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 25

False

Question 26

T/F Cortisol circulates in the plasma free (unbound) and bound to protein.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F A person does not have a stress reaction unless the stress exceeds his or her coping abilities.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F The decrease in insulin during a stress response prevents glucose from being taken up by peripheral tissue so that more glucose will be available for the CNS.

Answer 28

True - I fixed this one too

Question 29

T/F For more catecholamines to be immune suppressive, their levels must be chronically elevated.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F Stress and negative emotions have not been associated with the production of increased levels of pro inflammatory cytokines.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

T/F Although stress generally inhibits the female reproductive system, it increases the production of testosterone.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T/F Lymphocytes secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endorphins.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F Studies have shown a relationship between depression and reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F Stress has no effect not the development of cancer.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful

Answer 35

adaptation

Question 36

The ____ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the GAS.

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

During a stress respsonse, increased anxiety vigilance and arousal is promoted by

Answer 37

Cortisol

Question 38

Perceived stress elicits emotional, anticipatory response that begins in the

Answer 38

limbic system

Question 39

During a stress response, which hormone decreases lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages and prostaglandin?

Answer 39

cortisol

Question 40

The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to

Answer 40

impare circulation of epinephrine and norepiniephrine

Question 41

The effect epinephrine has on the immune system during stress response is to increase

Answer 41

natural killer cells

Question 42

Stress induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal macula causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Answer 42

epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 43

Stress induced norepinephrine results in

Answer 43

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 44

Stress induced cortisol release from the adrenal cortex results in

Answer 44

stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Question 45

What is the effect of increased secretion of epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone?

Answer 45

Hyperglycemia

Question 46

Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?

Answer 46

Cortisol

Question 47

Which immune cells are suppressed by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)?

Answer 47

Helper T-cells and monocyte-macrophage cells

Question 48

Which gland regulates the immune response and mediates the apparent effects of circadian rhythms on immunity?

Answer 48

pineal gland - yes

Question 49

Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone?

Answer 49

IL-1 & IL-6

Question 50

The action of which hormone helps explain increase in affective anxiety and and eating disorders, mood cycles, and vulnerability to auto immune and inflammatory diseases in women as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central norepinephrine system?

Answer 50

Estrogen

Question 51

What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?

Answer 51

Depression of T cells and Enhancement of B cells

Question 52

Which statement is true about the differences in stress induced hormonal alterations of men and women?

Answer 52

Androgens appear to reduce a greater degree immune cells apoptosis, following injury, creating a greater immunosuppresion in injured men than women

Question 53

What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?

Answer 53

Suppression of B & T cells

Question 54

Stress age syndrome results in a decrease

Answer 54

immune system

Question 55

A virus can produce diseases from a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following mechanisms is least likely?

Answer 55

Production of exotoxins that activates adenylate cylase

Question 56

The control of rhinovirus URTI's by immunization is limited due to ?

Answer 56

The large number of serotypes of the rhinovirus - yes

Question 57

WHich of the following is the best explanation of the selective action of acyclovir in HSV infected cells/

Answer 57

Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus encoded phosphokinase only within HSV infected cells

Question 58

Herpes simplex virus is a

Answer 58

DNA enveloped virus

Question 59

HPV is a

Answer 59

DNA nonenveloped virus

Question 60

Which of the following is the most common following a primary HSV infection?

Answer 60

establishment of latent infection

Question 61

Dr. Butler. Bit by a bear. Brought to your ER. What do you do next?

Answer 61

use hyperimmune serum and active immunization

Question 62

The principle reservoir for antigenic shift variants of influenza virus appears to be

Answer 62

animals, especially pigs, horses, and fowl

Question 63

A common cause of virus-associated diarrhea is

Answer 63

rotavirus

Question 64

virus associated jaundice

Answer 64

Yellow Fever virus

Question 65

a virus associated with congenital abnormalities

Answer 65

Rubella Virus

Question 66

a common cause of encephalitis

Answer 66

Rabies Virus

Question 67

Respiratory syncitial virus is associated with

Answer 67

Bronchiolitus

Question 68

Varicella zoster is associated with

Answer 68

Shingles (and chicken pox but for the exam- shingles)

Question 69

Virus associated with mycocarditis and pleurodynia

Answer 69

coxsackie virus

Question 70

a virus that cause croup in children

Answer 70

parainfluenzia

Question 71

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 71

EBV

Question 72

wild birds considered important reservoir is

Answer 72

St. Lous Encephalitis

Question 73

Hemorrhagic fever

Answer 73

Dengue virus