FMS I Final

Question 0

T/F: Cortisol circulates in the plasma free (unbound) and bound to protein.

Answer 0

TRUE

Question 1

t/f: “Flight or fight” occurs in the exhaustion stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

T/F: A person does not have a stress reaction unless the stress exceeds his or her coping abilities.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

T/F: The decrease in insulin during a stress response prevents glucose from being taken up by peripheral tissue so that more glucose will be available for the CNS.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

T/F: For catecholamines to be immunosuppressive, their levels must be chronically elevated.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

T/F: Stress and negative emotions have not been associated with the production of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

T/F: Although stress generally inhibits the female reproductive system, it increases the production of testosterone.

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

T/F: Lymphocytes secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endorphins.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

T/F: Studies have shown a relationship between depression and reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

T/F: Stress has no effect on the development of cancer.

Answer 9

FALSE

Question 10

Which hormone Constricts peripheral vessels to increase blood pressure as a stress response?

Answer 10

norepinephrine

Question 11

Which hormone Increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility during a stress response?

Answer 11

epinephrine

Question 12

Which hormone Increases gastric secretions during a stress response?

Answer 12

cortisol

Question 13

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and is associated with the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 13

phrenic

Question 14

The mesothelium of the parietal layer of the body wall is derived from…

Answer 14

somatic mesoderm

Question 15

The crura of the diaphragm are derived from the…

Answer 15

dorsal mesentery of the esophagus

Question 16

The fibrous pericardium is derived from…

Answer 16

the pleuropericardial membranes

Question 17

Which of the following are retroperitoneal (either primarily or secondarily)?

Answer 17

kidney and urinary bladder (that’s the correct answer on the exam)

Question 18

Which of the following is a herniation through the sternocostal hiatus?

Answer 18

retrosternal hernia

Question 19

What develops from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 19

muscles of mastication

Question 20

What is derived from the second aortic arch?

Answer 20

hyoid artery

Question 21

The thymus develops from…..

Answer 21

third pharyngeal pouch

Question 22

The cells that produce calcitonin are derived from…

Answer 22

fourth pharyngeal pouch

Question 23

the middle ear ossicles are derived from…

Answer 23

first and second pharyngeal arches

Question 24

Which disease is caused by an autosomal dominant gene and results in malar hypoplasia of zygomatic bones with down-slanting palpebral fissures, defect of lower eyelids, deformed external ears and sometimes abnormalities of middle and internal ears?

Answer 24

Treacher Collins syndrome

Question 25

Which disease results from excessive merging of the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first pharnygeal arch?

Answer 25

Congenital microstomia

Question 26

The primary palate is derived (directly) from the...

Answer 26

intermaxillary segment

Question 27

The foramen cecum...

Answer 27

marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thyroid gland

Question 28

A patient is found to have glandular tissue situated in the tongue musculature just superior to the body of the hyoid bone. This tissue would most likely be related to the...

Answer 28

thyroid gland

Question 29

The sclera is derived from...

Answer 29

neural crest cells

Question 30

If the retinal (choroid) fissure fails to close, it may result in...

Answer 30

coloboma

Question 31

Microtia is...

Answer 31

small auricle

Question 32

An increase in CSF pressure slows venous return from the retina may cause...

Answer 32

papilledema

Question 33

Which disease/condition is an autosomal recessive trait that results in skin that is markedly thickened, ridges and cracked? Most infants with this disorder will die during the first week of life.

Answer 33

Harlequin fetus

Question 34

Melanocytes arise from...

Answer 34

neural crest cells

Question 35

The enamel of a tooth is derived from...

Answer 35

ectoderm (non-neural ectoderm)

Question 36

At the developing nail is covered by a narrow band of epidermis called the...

Answer 36

eponychium

Question 37

Excessive hairiness that results from the development of supernumerary hair follicles or from the persistence of lanugo hairs is called?

Answer 37

hypertrichosis

Question 38

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and ___ is not successful.

Answer 38

adaption

Question 39

The ____ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the GAS?

Answer 39

hypothalamus

Question 40

During a stress response, increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal is prompted by...

Answer 40

epinephrine

Question 41

perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins in the...

Answer 41

limbic system

Question 42

During a stress response, which hormone decreases lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages and prostaglandin?

Answer 42

cortisol

Question 43

The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to...

Answer 43

impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 44

the effect epinephrine has on the immune system during stress response is to increase...

Answer 44

NK cells

Question 45

Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include...

Answer 45

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 46

stress-induced norepinephrine results in...

Answer 46

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 47

stress-induced cortisol released from the adrenal cortex results in...

Answer 47

stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Question 48

what is the effect of increased secretions of epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone?

Answer 48

hyperglycemia

Question 49

Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?

Answer 49

cortisol

Question 50

Which immune cells are suppressed by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Answer 50

helper T cells and monocyte-macrophage cells

Question 51

The ____ (gland) regulates the immune response and mediates the apparent effects of circadian rhythms on immunity.

Answer 51

pineal

Question 52

What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?

Answer 52

Depression of T cells and enhancement of B cells

Question 53

What contributes to the development of the diaphragm?

Answer 53

1. Dorsal esophageal mesentary 2. Septum transversum 3. Pleuroperitoneal folds

Question 54

The control of rhinovirus URTIs by immunization is...

Answer 54

The large number of stereotypes of the rhinovirus

Question 55

What is the best explanation of the selective action of acyclovir in HSV infected cells?

Answer 55

Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus encoded phosphokinase ONLY within HSV infected cells.

Question 56

Herpes simplex virus is a...

Answer 56

DNA enveloped virus

Question 57

What is the most common outcome following a primary HSV infection?

Answer 57

Establishment of latent infection

Question 58

The principle reservoir for antigenic shift variants of influenza appears to be...

Answer 58

Animals, specifically pigs, horses, and fowl

Question 59

A virus associated with jaundice is...

Answer 59

Yellow-fever virus

Question 60

A common cause of encephalitis is...

Answer 60

Rabies virus

Question 61

Varicella zoster virus is associated with...

Answer 61

Shingles

Question 62

A virus known to cause infectious mononucleosis is...

Answer 62

Epstein Barr virus