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Y1 Respiratory > Formative Assessment Pointers Week 1 > Flashcards

Formative Assessment Pointers Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Site of the horizontal fissure

A

RIGHT 4th rib

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2
Q

Level of the carina

A

Rib 2

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3
Q

Level of the oblique fissure posteriorly

A

T3

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4
Q

Contains cartilage and surrounded by arch of azygous vein

A

RIGHT main bronchus

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5
Q

Carries oxygenated blood and sited inferoposteriorly within the lung root

A

Pulmonary vein

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6
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood and sited superiormedially within the lung root

A

pulmonary arteries

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7
Q

Product of Type II Alveolar cells that opposes alveolar surface tension

A

alveolar surfactant

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8
Q

Keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae closely opposed and can be overcome by a pneumothorax

A

Transmural Pressure Gradient

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9
Q

Keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae closely opposed. Dependent on water molecule polarity.

A

Intrapleural Fluid

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10
Q

Is a palpable reference point that can be used in basic emergency care.

A

Xiphoid Process

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11
Q

The site used in decompressing a tension pneumothorax.

A

2nd intercostal space

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12
Q

The site of the oblique fissure anteriorly.

A

Rib 6

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13
Q

Most O2 is transported…

A

by haemoglobin

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14
Q

Most CO2 is transported…

A

as bicarbonate

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15
Q

A small proportion of O2 is transported…

A

in solution

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16
Q

An accessory muscle of respiration in the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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17
Q

A major inspiratory muscle in a sheet, containing crura.

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

Thoracic muscles involved in active expiration.

A

Internal Intercostals

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19
Q

Where the middle lobe is auscultated

A

Between right ribs 4 and 6

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20
Q

The site of the lung apex

A

Superior to the clavicle

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21
Q

Where the lung base is auscultated

A

T11 vertebra

22
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion

A

Gas diffusion across a surface is inversely proportional to surface thickness and proportional to area

23
Q

Dalton’s law

A

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas

24
Q

The law of LaPlace

A

Smaller alveoli have a greater tendency to collapse

25
Q

The Bohr effect

A

The oxygen dissocation curve is shifted right due to conditions in the tissues, meaning more oxygen is released

26
Q

The Haldane effect

A

As O2 is removed from Hb, Hb’s ability to pick up CO2 and CO2-generated H+ ions is increased

27
Q

Henry’s Law

A

The amount of a gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid at constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

28
Q

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute

A

Pulmonary ventilation

29
Q

The volume of air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute

A

alveolar ventilation

30
Q

The inspired air that is available for gas exchange

A

Alveolar ventilation

31
Q

Those alveoli who are well ventilated but not adequately perfused

A

Alveolar dead space

32
Q

The parts of the bronchial tree not available for airway exchange.

A

Anatomical dead space

33
Q

The factor that most increases pulmonary ventilation.

A

Tidal volume

34
Q

Is palpable within the jugular notch.

A

trachea

35
Q

Is the level at which the lower respiratory tract begins

A

C6 vertebra

36
Q

Is an anatomical landmark for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

xiphoid process

37
Q

The intracellular mechanisms and processes that consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.

A

Internal respiration

38
Q

At a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas

A

Boyle’s Law

39
Q

P=2T/r describes the relationship between alveolar radius and the tendency to collapse. A smaller alveolar radius means a higher tendency to collapse

A

Law of LaPlace

40
Q

The processes that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and the cells of the body.

A

External respiration

41
Q

Comprises ventilation, gas exchange between the alveoli and blood, gas transport, and gas exchange at the tissues

A

External respiration

42
Q

Maintains alveolar patency through the elastic recoil of surrounding alveoli preventing alveolar collapse

A

Alveolar interdependence

43
Q

A monoclonal antibody against IgE that also reduces IgE receptor expression.

A

Subcutaneous omalizumab

44
Q

A short acting B-2 agonist used to relieve bronchospasm in mild to moderate asthma

A

Inhaled salbutamol

45
Q

An add-on B-2 agonist used in asthma that responds poorly to initial management

A

Inhaled salmeterol

46
Q

A methylxanthine used as add-on therapy in asthma. Serum levels must be monitored due to drug interactions

A

Oral theophylline

47
Q

An anti-inflammatory that can trigger bronchospasm in sensitive individuals

A

Oral ibuprofen

48
Q

A CysLT-1 receptor antagonist (anti-leukotriene), used as add-on therapy in asthma

A

Oral montelukast

49
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood, drains into the superior vena cava and arches round the right lung root.

A

Azygous vein

50
Q

Arise from the anterior surface of the descending aorta.

A

Bronchial arteries

51
Q

Surrounded by vessels, and may appear black on dissection.

A

Pulmonary lymph nodes

Y1 Respiratory (20 decks)

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