Interstitial Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are interstitial Lung Diseases?

A

any disease process that affects the Lung interstitium

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2
Q

Classic symptoms of ILD?

A

breathlessness

dry cough

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3
Q

Granulomatous, type IV hypersensitivity disease of unknown cause

A

Sarcoidosis

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4
Q

Common system involvement of Sarcoidosis

A

lungs, lymph nodes, joints, liver, skin, eyes

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5
Q

What type of granuloma is found in the lung of sarcoid patients?

A

non-caseating

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6
Q

Acute sarcoidosis is ____-_______

A

self-limiting

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7
Q

Symptoms of acute sarcoidosis

A
erythema nodosim 
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy 
arthritis
UVeitis 
Parotitis 
Fever
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8
Q

signs of chronic sarcoidosis

A

lung infiltrates
skin infiltrates
peripheral lymphadenopathy
hypercalcaemia

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9
Q

DDx with Sarcoidosis

A

TB, lymphoma, carcinoma, fungal infection

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10
Q

Investigations where sarcoidosis is suspect

A
CXR
CT 
Biopsy 
Pulmonary function
Blood test
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11
Q

Expected sarcoidosis findings in CXR

A

Bihilar lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

Expected sarcoidosis findings in CT

A

peripheral nodular infiltrates

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13
Q

Expected sarcoidosis findings in biopsy

A

non-caseating granuloma if anything

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14
Q

Expected sarcoidosis findings in pulmonary function tests

A

restrictive defect
breathlessness
reduction in blood gas levels

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15
Q

Blood test results in sarcoidosis

A

raised ACE
raised Calcium
raised, LFTs, CRP, Kidney

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16
Q

Treatment for acute sarcoidosis

A

let it settle itself

17
Q

treatment for chronic sarcoidosis

A

oral steroids

if vital organs affected, immunosuppression (azathioprine, methotrexate, anti-TNF)

18
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction to antigen

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis - hypersensitivity pneumonitis

19
Q

Acute symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

cough, breathless, fever, myalgia, +/- pyrexia, +/- crackles, hypoxia

20
Q

time frame for extrinsic allergic alveolitis symptoms

A

several hours after exposure

21
Q

CXR results for acute allergic alveolitis

A

widespread pulmonary infiltrates

22
Q

Treatment for acute extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

oxygen, steroid and antigen avoidance

23
Q

Chronic alveolitis presents with _____

A

progressive breathlessness and a cough

24
Q

Signs of chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

crackles, clubbing is unusual

25
Q

CXR signs of chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

pulmonary fibrosis, mostly in the upper zones

26
Q

PFT signs of chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

restrictive defect, low FEV1/FVC, high or normal ratio, low gas transfer

27
Q

Diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

history, exam, lung biopsy, ask about the pets

28
Q

Treatment for chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

remove antigen exposure, oral steroids if breathless or low gas transfer