genetics definition

Question 1

abortion

Answer 1

when a pregnant woman expels a fetus before it is ready to be born or when a doctor removes it

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

different varieties of a gene which code for different forms of the same characteristic

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

coiled structure that contains dna which is the genetic material that makes up genes
found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 4

condom

Answer 4

contraceptive made of thin rubber which fits over penis and prevents pregnancy by trapping sperm cells and preventing them from reaching the egg

Question 5

contraception

Answer 5

any method that can be used to prevent pregnancy

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

describes the nucleus of cell with chromosomes in homologous pairs

Question 7

dominant gene

Answer 7

in a pair of genes the one that is stronger

Question 8

evolution

Answer 8

the gradual change of a species over a long period of time

Question 9

family planning

Answer 9

when people decide on how many children they want when they want them and then take steps to ensure that unwanted pregnancies do not occur

Question 10

genes

Answer 10

small parts of chromosome that determine the characteristics that will be inherited genes pass genetic information from one cell to another and so from one generation to another genes are made of specific sequences of dna and are found on a chromosome

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

nature and arrangement of genes in an individual organism

Question 12

haploid

Answer 12

describes nucleus of cell that has only one set of chromosomes

Question 13

homologous

Answer 13

two chromosomes in a pair are the same in shape and sizr

Question 14

inheritance

Answer 14

the tendency to transmit characteristics of living organisms from parent to offspring

Question 15

mutation

Answer 15

a sudden change in gene or chromosome

Question 16

natural selection

Answer 16

process by which individual organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and have the most offspring

Question 17

phenotype

Answer 17

observable characteristics of an organism

Question 18

recessive gene

Answer 18

gene in a pair of genes that is weaker

Question 19

trait

Answer 19

a particular characteristic that distinguishes something it is commonly used in genetics and evolutionary science

Question 20

variation

Answer 20

when brothers and sisters inherit different characteristics from those of the parents

Question 21

homozygous

Answer 21

2 of the same alleles for a particular gene

Question 22

heterozygous

Answer 22

two different alleles for particular gene

Question 23

genotype

Answer 23

genetic makeup

Question 24

phenotype

Answer 24

observable characteristic based on genetic makeup

Question 25

complete dominance

Answer 25

dominant alleles that always show up in phenotype are present uppercase letter

Question 26

recessive allele

Answer 26

only expressed in phenotype in a homozygous recessive form

Question 27

pedigree charts

Answer 27

shows occurrence of particular characteristic in a family tree can be used to show possible genotypes of individuals in chart which can be important in genetic counselling