lymphatic system

Question 1

define tissue fluid

Answer 1

when blood flows through capillaries running through tissues, some of the blood plasma and small components such as glucose amino acids oxygen squeeze out of capillary walls through spaces between endothelial cells
fluid called tissue fluid surrounds cells making it easier for exchange of material between cells and fluid

Question 2

what is absent in tissue fluid

Answer 2

larger components of blood such as red blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to leave the capillaries and therefore absent

Question 3

what is the water potential of the tissue fluid

Answer 3

since plasma contains more proteins than tissue fluid the blood have lower water potential or more concentrated than tissue fluid

Question 4

what does the tissue fluid result in

Answer 4

water passing from the tissue fluid into capillaries
at arterial end the bp is high thus forcing water out but at venous end bp is low so water enters capillaries by osmosis

Question 5

how does tissue fluid return into circulation

Answer 5

via osmosis into capillaries and via lymphatic vessels

Question 6

what does the lymphatic contain

Answer 6

lymphatic vessels and lymph (transporting medium)

Question 7

how do lymphatic vessels begin

Answer 7

inside tissues and have swellings along their length called lymph nodes

Question 8

define lymph nodes

Answer 8

blindly ending thin walled vessles which are found between cells
contain valves to ensure lymph flows only in one direction from tissues to heart
lymph given to tissue fluid transported inside lymphatic vessles

Question 9

how is lymph compared to plasma

Answer 9

similar but contains
less proteins
lymphocytes which are made in lymph nodes
more waste

Question 10

what are produces in lymph nodes

Answer 10

antibodies and new lymphocytes

Question 11

what is the role of the stationary white blood cells in nodes

Answer 11

ingest bacteria which have gained access to lymph

Question 12

how does contents make its way into right atrium or vena cava

Answer 12

vessels join up to form larger vessels which eventually untie into 2 main ducts and empty contents into large veins entering right atrium

Question 13

list 4 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 13

provides rapid way of returning cell waste to blood
adds lymphocytes to blood produced in lymph nodes
stationary phagocytes in lymph nodes filter bacteria from lymph
absorbs fatty products of digestion which are absorbed into lacteals of villa and lymph carries them to blood